ZIRNA LAMA KAN KHAWTLANGIN HMA A SAWN THEIH NANA ZIRTIRTUTE MAWHPHURHNA

Thuhmahruai

            Zirtirtu kalkhawm zinga thusawi tur ka ni hi ka lawm a. Zirtirtu ve bawk ka nih avangin a tir chuan ka inthlahrung hle; mahse ka han inngaihtuah chiang a, zirtirtu sawi awm tak ni zawkin ka hre leh ta a, lawm takin he sawmna hi ka pawm ta a ni.

           

Kum 2010 April 1 khan Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 , Article 21-A , Constitution of India leh The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 chu a taka kalpui a ni ta a. Hei hian India sawrkarin zirna a ngaih pawimawhzia chu a tilang chiang hle. Hetiang taka sawrkar thil ngaih pawimawha tel ve nih pawh hi a ropui hle a ni. 

            Economic Survey 2013-14  atanga a lan danin Mizoramah hian sikul 3890 a awm a. Zirtirtu 24,468 an awm a. Sikul naupang 311,678¹ an awm bawk. Mizoram mihring hmun thuma thena hmun khat zet chu zirtirtute kutah an awm tihna a ni a. Mizoram hmabak hi zirtirtute kutah a awm thui hle tihna a nih chu.

            Education (zirna) chu Latin tawng ēducātiō tih atanga lak a ni a, vulh, chawi lian, enkawl tihna a ni thei. Mi thenkhatin an hriatna te, an kut themthiamna te leh an habit te an thlahte hnena an hlanchhawng sawina a ni deuh ber awm e. A tlangpuiin zirna hi midang hnen atanga lâk chhawn a ni a, chu chu tunlai mi tam zawkin education kan neih dan pawh a ni. Chumi rual chuan mahnia inzir thiam (autodidactic) sawi tur an awm nual;  Thomas Alva Edison (inventor), Tadao Ando (architect), George Bernard Shaw (writer), Abraham Lincoln, Srinivasa Ramanujan (mathematician), Michael Faraday (chemist leh physicist), Charles Darwin (naturalist), Frank Zappa (composer, recording engineer, film director), and Leonardo da Vinci (engineer, scientist, mathematician) te hi a larzualte an ni.2  

           
Kan Khawtlang Zirna Siamṭha Tura Zirtirtute Mawhphurhna: Tunlai khawvela mihring nun insiam tan chhoh hun laia zawng zawng kawltu zirtirtute hi kan ni. Zirtirtu a hlawhtlin chuan khawtlang leh ramin hma a sawn a, vantlang nun a nuam lo thei lo. Chuvangin zirtirtu pawimawhna hi sawi fo lo theih a ni lo a ni.

1.Zirtirtu Nun:

 Khawtlang zirna siamṭha tur chuan zirtirtu mimal nun hi a pawimawh ber ti ila kan uar lutuk lo vang; zirna ṭha chu zirtirtu nunah a innghah tlat vang a ni. Mimal awmkhawm chuan pâwl a siam a. Chu pâwl siamtu mimal nun theuh inbelhkhawm kha pawl mizia leh pawl hmelhmang tur chu a ni.   Thingsulthliah khuaa zirtirtute nun dan tlangpui en hian kan zirtir naupangte (target group)  leh chu mite phena awm an nu leh pate tan a zahawm a, ngaihsan tlak a nih hi a khawtlang ang zirna siam ṭha tur chuan rahbi pawimawh hmasa a ni.

(a)   Zirtirtu chu a taima tur a ni. Heta taimakna hian hun vawn dik te, class lâk dawna inbuatsaihna te,  uluk taka naupang exam paper leh an test-na endik peih te a huam thei ang. Home work pe peih lo leh check peih lo zirtirtu a awm theih khawp mai. Chutiang mite chu naupangin an hai lo va, an hnuaiah tui takin lehkha an zir thei lo fo ang tih hai rual a ni lo.

Tin, zirtirtu chuan khawvel thil thleng thar leh hun inher zel milin a hriatna pawh a tuai thar zel peih tur a ni. Naupangte chuan an aia thil hre turah an ngai ṭhin a; chutiang taka an beiseina tihlawhtlinsak chu zirtirtute bat ni pawhin a lang. “A teacher ceases to be a teacher when he ceases to learn” tihte pawh a awm kha. A bikin tunlai thiamna tharin a hrin mobile phone te, internet te, facebook te ang hi naupang ang em em chuan thiam ve zul lo mah ila naupangin min nuihzat lutuk lohna tawk tur chu hriat ve hram hram tum ila. Tin, khawvel chanchin thar larzualte pawh kan zirlai min tanpui tur zawnga lo hriat ve zel a ṭha. Zirtirtu thil hre zau chu naupangin an ngaisang duh khawp mai. Chuvangin inzir chhunzawm reng tur a ni.

(b)   Hmangaihna Nun: Hmangaiha nun nei lova zirtirtu nih hi khawvela hnah hahthlak ber pawl a ni hial ang. Naupang hmangaih lovin zirtirtu hlawhtling a nih theih loh. Zirtirtu chuan a zirlaite chu a hmangaih tur a ni. A eizawnna ang leka a en chuan naupangin an ngaina thei lo va, chu chuan zirtirtu leh naupang inkarah innin tawnna a siam a. Naupangin sikul nuam an ti thei lo. Hmangaihna nei lo, mahni zirlai naupangte hmuhsit ching, a ṭul baka nasaa naupang hauh chingte avanga zirna bansan sawi tur ka hre nual mai. Naupang chu zirtirtu bulah a thlamuang tur a ni.

Dawhtheihna leh hmangaihna hi thil kal thiang rial a ni. Zirtirtu chu mi inthunun thei, dawhthei taka naupangte enkawl thei mi ni rawh se. Naupang mize hrang hrang nei kalkhawm enkawltu a nih angin mi pakhat laka a thinur avangin midang pawisawi lote chungah thinur ve kher tur a ni lo. Kan naupan laiin vawikhat chu kan class room-a tile bang hlui chhe tawh intung chu a keh palh a. A tikehtu kan hre lo. Chu tile hman tlak tawh loh keh palh avang chuan a class pum puiin hnungzang vual tût khawpa vuak kan tuar a. Kan tihsual ni miah lova zirtirtu thinur thutin min han phêk vuak chuan sikul kal mi a titui lo sawt; nu leh pate hlauh vangin kan kal zawm hram hram a. Hetiang neuh neuh inbelhkhawm avanga sikul nuam tiva bang (drop out) pawh an tam reng a ni. Mahni in lamah emaw, thil danga kan lawm loh vang emawa kan thinurna kha sikul naupang laka hrikthlak mai a awl hle.

(C) India ram hi sakhaw tihbik nei lo ram mah ni se zirna hmuna sakhuana hi a hnawl ngawt lo. Kum 1956 August thla khan India sawrkar chuan Bombay Governor hlui Shri Prakash-a chairman-na hnuaiah Religious and Moral Instruction Committee a din a.³ Chu committee chuan zing sikul tan dawna hun rei lo tê Pathian han biak zawk ang chi hi nei turin rawtna a siam a (tihluihna tel lovin). Chutiang atana hman tur inkaihhruaina lehkhabu pawh siam ni se tiin a rawt hial a ni. He thil ka han sawi duhna chhan chu zirtirtute hian sawrkar sikulah pawh Pathian thu lakluh hi inthlahrung lo vang u. Kan khaw zirlai naupang leh zirtirtute hi Kristian kan ni deuh vek a. Chuvangin a khawtlang pum pui zirna siam ṭha tura a sakhuana ang zawnga infuih pawh hi a mawi lohna a awm awm lo ve. Zirtirtute hi sakhawmi tak ni vek tur chuan kan inbeisei ngam lo va, amarawhchu Kristian kan nih rau rau chuan Kristian nundan ṭha pangngai hian nung ang u tiin ka han insawm duh a ni. Zirlai naupang harsa deuhte pawh tawngtaisak thei Kristian zirtirtu awm teuh ila zirna chuan hma a va sawn dawn em!

                Zirtirtu hna hi hna zahawm tak a ni. Hmun dang, kohhran leh NGO hrang hranga nihna hmanga zahawmna zawng ber lovin (zawn loh tawp tur tihna-ah chuan ngai lo ila) zirtirna hna-ah ngei hian zahawmna nei ila, chu chuan indirect-in kan khawtlang zirna chu a siam ṭha ngei ang.  A (zirtirtu) zahawmna chu zirtirtu a nihna-ah a ni tur a ni a, chu chu a kengchhuak zo tur a ni bawk.⁴

Sikula Zirtirtu Dinhmun leh Hmasawnna Tur:

 Pawn lama kan nun chu pawimawh viau mah se zirtirtu hnathawhna hmunpui ber chu sikul chhung (class room) a ni lo thei lo va. Kan khawtlang zirna siamtha tura kan mawhphurhna kan hlen chhuah leh hlen chhuah loh pawh Class room-a kan tihṭhat leh tihṭhat lohah a innghat tam ber. Chuvangin naupang kan zirtirna-ah hengte hi hria ila.

2.1.Zirlai Naupangte Hriat Chian

Zirna lama hmasawnna rahbi pawimawh tak chu naupang hriat chian hi a ni. Keima experience pakhat chauh han sawi ila. Kum sawm chuang fe kal ta khan kan naupang pakhat chu a luhlul hle mai a. Class-ah a bengchheng pawh chu a ni si lo. Home work a tiṭha duh ngai lo va, biak pawhin a ngêng hle; a sam meh dan pawh ngeiawm tak a ni. Ka bei a tihdawn rum rum hnu-ah a chanchin chiang zawka zirin a siam ṭhat dan ka ngaihtuah ta a. A fâla kawmin ka ti tipui thin a. A tawpah chuan an chhungkaw harsatnate mi hrilh ngam ta a. Chutia a mimal harsatnate min hrilh ngam tak hnu chuan class chhunga a awm dan pawh a danglam ta viau mai a. Fail ngei tura ngaih kha Board exam-ah ṭha taka pass-in college a kal ve ta hial a. Kan lawm ngei mai. Hetiang hian naupang danglam deuh bik chu ka kawm thin a. A sâwt khawpin ka hria. Zirtirtute hian kan naupangte mimal harsatna zu hre thiam ila a ṭha. Thenkhat chu an bengte a lo chhêt ti tih a. Sawi ngam si lovin luhlul nih an lo hlawh em em thei. Thenkhat chu an mit a lo fiah lo va. Duh duhna hmuna thuttir ngawt chi pawh an lo ni lo. Thenkhat chuan hauh an haw hle. A thente chu han hau ila mi attention an lak avangin nuam an ti zawk emaw tihtur an ni thung. Naupang mimal harsatna zawng zawng kan hre seng lo; mahse hriat chin tal chu neih tur a ni.

2.2.Zirtir Dan (Teaching Method) Hman Thiam

          Zirtir dan chi hrang hrang a tam hle; kan sawi seng lo. Heng zirtir dan hrang hrangte hi hriat vek pawh a ṭul kher lo maithei bawk. Miin lehkhabu chhah tawk taka an ziah kha seminar paper-a sawi mai sen a ni lo. Mahse kan rilru tihzauna ni pahfawmin pakhat chu han zep hram ila. Tunlai zirnaa an sawi uar thar leh tâk (?) pakhat chu ‘Hereustic Method’ an ti a.⁵ Hei hi French mithiam Jean-Jacques Rousseau-a lehkhabu ziah, an chhut kum 1762-a an halsak leh France sawrkarin an khapsak tak Emile, ( or On Education or Émile, Or Treatise on Education)  tih bua mi a ni a.6  A awmzia chu naupangin anmahnia thil an ngaihtuah chhuah ve theihna tur lam hawi zawnga zirna kalpui tihna a ni ber. Spencer-a phei chuan,  “Naupangte chu a tlêm thei ang ber zirtir a, anmahnia thil hmu chhuak ve thei tura kaihhruai tur an ni,” a ti. Zirtirtu chuan naupang hnena thil hrilh nghek nghek ringawt lovin naupang chu an phak tawk (an age group mil tawkin) ang zela anmahnia inzir var ve thei tura kaihhruai tihna a ni. Mahse hei hian ngaihsak loh emaw, engmah zirtir loh emaw a kawk lo.

2.3.Maxims of Teaching:7

          Hemiin a tum chu zirlai naupangte an zirlai tuipui tura an rilru kaihthawh a ni ber mai. Naupang tân zirlai a tingaihnawm a, awmzia a neihtir a, a sâwt a, mi a tiphur a, naupangin lehkha zir nuam an tihphah bawk.  Hengte hi Maxims of Teaching an tihte chu an ni: (a) Thil hriatsa atanga thil thar la hriat loh: Zirtirtu chuan naupangte hnenah an la hriat ngai miah loh atanga zirltir nghal ngawt lovin an hriat tawhsa atangin bul tan se naupangte chuan an zirlai chu nuam a tihphah sawt ang. Entirnan chhiarkawp pêng pakhat profit and loss zir dawn se direct-a an zirlaibu kawhhmuh nghal ngawt lovin an hmelhriatsa dawrkai chanchin atangin sawi se naupangte chuan nuam an tisawt thei. (b) A awlsam atangin a harsa lamah: Zirlai harsa deuh atanga bul tan lovin naupang thiam ngei tur atangin bul tan ila, naupangte chu an phur phah thei. Hei hi sawi mai aiin a harsa thung. Naupang thenkhat tana harsa kha thenkhat tan chuan a awlsam hle thei a; zirtirtuin awl a tih em em, naupangte pawhin an thiam ngei tura a ngaih kha har an lo tiriau thei bawk. Mahse chuti chung chuan a awlsam lam ngaihtuaha bul tan hram hram tur a ni. (c) Thil mawl tê tê atangin a chipchiar zawkah hruai luh tur: Mihringte thil hriat dan chu mâwl tê atanga intan a ni zel. Entirnan motor car hi lo hmang ila. Car kan sawi veleh kan mitthlain car chu a pum puiin kan han hmu nghal mai a. A fiah viau bawk. Naupang hnena car awmzia sawifiah turin a part hrang hrang atanga sawi chi a ni lo; a car pum pui awmzia sawi hmasak a, chuta tang a part chi hrang hrang chu sawi chi chauh a ni. (c) Khawih theih/Hmuh theih atangin khawih theih loh/hmuh theih lohah:  Naupang tan chuan panga leh pahnih belh chu ngaihtuah chhuah mai a harsa thei. Kut zungtang hmangin kan zirtir thin. He method hi pâwl sâng zawk zingah pawh a la tangkai em em tho. Kan naupan laiin sap ramah puansukna khâwl washing machine a awm an ti a. An han sawifiah ngial pawhin kan hre fiah zo meuh lo chu a ni e. Mahse a taka kan han hmuh chuan a thu ringawta an sawi kan man fiah theih mang loh kha kan melh zeuh a, thu tam tak sawi aia chiangin kan hre nghal mai. Hei vang hian teaching aids (a bikin naupang tê lamah) hi an dah pawimawh em em mai a ni. Tunlaiah phei chuan sikul naupang len chhuahpui a, a tak ngeia thil hmuhtir hi an dah pawimawh hle. Naupangin sikul nuam an tihphah a, an zirlaiah an tui phah sawt bawk. Mahse heta chen rei pui lutuk erawh chu pumpelh hram tur a ni thung.

          Maxims of teaching hi min thununtu ni lovin kan thunun zawk tur a ni. Hetiang hi zirtirtuin a zirtirna-ah hmang fo thei se a ṭha a. Chutih rual chuan a zirtirna zawng zawnga hman a tum chuan a rilru a zalen lo va, zirtirna hna kha hna hrehawm tak a ni thei ve tlat niin mi thiamte chuan an sawi a. A dik hmel viau. Chuvangin hetiang hi min tiphur tawka hman thiam tum tur a ni.

3.Naupang Dikna Zahsak

          Naupangte hi beram rual awm khawm anga phêk en mai a awl hle. A ṭul chang pawh a awm hial mai thei. Mahse naupangte hian mimal dikna leh chanvo bâkah zahawmna thlengin an nei ve tih hriat tur a ni. Hmusit taka tawng khum te, an mi an lohna (chutianga an lo awm chuan) hmanga hauh te, an chhungkaw background hmanga chhaih te hi chin hauh loh tur a ni. Min hmusittute hi tuman kan ngaina thei lo. American Essay ziak thiam Ralph Waldo Emerson-a (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) phei chuan, “The secret of education lies in respecting the pupil,” a ti a ni.

4.Duhsak bik neih loh:

          Naupang za rual zinga han khawsak chuan tum em em vang pawh ni lovin ngei deuh bik leh ngainat deuh bik neih a awl hle. Naupang fel deuh leh sual deuh, hmelṭha deuh leh hmelchhe deuh, thu awih deuh leh awih duh miah lo an lo awm hrang ve tlat si a, hei hi chu kan pumpelh hlei thei lo a ni ber. Ama’rawhchu lang chhuak lo sela. Naupangin an rilrua duhsak loh bik nia inhriatna an neih loh nan inven a, mahni inen fiah fo tur a ni.

5.Emotional Stability:

          Mi thiamin research an beihna-ah chuan class room chhunga zirtirtu nungchang hian naupang a khawih nasa hle tih an hmu chhuak a. Zirtirtu ngui hmêl te, an thinur hmêl leh an tûm hmel te hian a ṭha lo zawngin naupang a nghawng thui thei hle. Class room chhungah engemaw mai maia thinur thut te, vin vak vak te hian naupang a siam ṭha lo. Kan emotion hi thunun tur a ni. Hmun danga kan lungawih lohna kha naupang laka hrikthlak mai a awl hle. Naupang hmâ-ah hlim hmêl put tum hram hram ila. Fiamthu thawh pawh a ṭha. Engemaw changa naupang han tihnuih zauh hi a hlawk a ni.

6.Mahni Inenlet Fo Tur:

          Ryburns-a chuan, “Zirtirtu hmanraw ṭha tak chu mahni inenlêt hi a ni,” a ti. Kan zirtir dan leh class room-a kan awm dan hrim hrimte hi inenlêt a, mahni inzir ve fo tur a ni. American thu thiam, Fountain of Faith ziaktu William Arthur Ward-a (1921-1994) thusawi, “The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires,” tih hi mahni inenlet nana ka châng thlan a ni (eng teh ual ka nih phah chu hre lo mah ila).

          Heng a chunga point kan han tarlan bakah pawh khian (a) mahni inrin tawkna neih a ṭulzia te, (b) inbuatsaihna ṭha tawk tak neih a ṭulzia te, (c) mahni subject thiam bel leh naupang hmuh laia sawi sual khut khut lo tura inenlawk uluk a ṭul thu te, naupang rin tawk hlawh a pawimawhzia te,  naupang fak phûte fak a, hrem ngaite an rilru tina lo thei ang bera an phû ang tawka hrem a ṭulzia te pawh hi theihnghilh lo ila. Fak phû ngawih ngawih kan fak loh a, kan chawimawi loh hian mi fel rilru a tihnual thei a. Hrem phû em em kan hrem loh hian mi sual a tihuangtau bawk.

          Sâp pachal thuthiam hmingthang H.G.Wells-a (21 September 1866 – 13 August 1946) chuan, “The teacher is the real maker of history,” a ti a. America president pahnihna John Adams-a (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 – July 4, 1826) pawh khan, “mihring siamtu,” a lo ti hial bawk. Hetiang hi ram leh khawtlanga kan dinhmun chu a ni a, chuvangin kan khawtlang nun mawi leh mawi loh te, a changkan leh changkan loh te hi keini zirtirtute kutah hian a innghat nasa hle a ni. Zirnain a tum leh zirtirtu pawimawhna hriat hi zirtirtute mawhphurhna a ni a. Hriat ngawt chu a la tawk lo deuh a, a taka a hman a ṭul a, a taka hman mai piah lamah sikul chhung leh pawn lamah a nunpui tur a ni.8

Kan khawtlang zirna a lo ṭhat lehzual theih nan zirtirtute hian mawh kan phur lian ber ti ila tuman min hnial awm lo ve. He hna zahawm tak mai zahawmna hi i chhawm nung zel ang u. Zirtirtu an zahawm chuan zirna a zahawm a, chu chu khawtlang zirna siam ṭha tura rahbi pawimawh tak a ni.  Kan khawtlang tana theihtawp chhuah zel turin zirtirtu zawng zawngte ka sawm nawn leh a che u.

References:

 1. Zalen Chanchinbu, Pathianni, Vol 11. Issue No 15, p. 1.  April 27,2014.

2. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

3. Mathur, Dr S.S: A Sociological Approach to Indian Education, Vinod Pustak    Mandir. Dr Rangeya Raghava Marg, Agra – 2. p. 209.

4. Collection of Papers on Quality Improvement of Education in Mizoram, published by The Directorate of Education, Mizoram, p.47.

5. Technology of Teaching and Essentials of Teaching Learning. Four Authors. Doaba House, 1688, Nai Sarak, Delhi – 110,006, Reprint-1997. p.289.  

6. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

7. Technology of Teaching and Essentials of Teaching Learning. Op. Cit. p.464-366.

8. Lalnunmawia : Nun Kawng Sialtu. Synod Literature and Publication Board. 2001. p.9.

Sawiho Tur:

Kan khaw zirtirtute hian zirtirtute zahawmna hi kan vawng nung ṭha tawk em? Vawng nung ṭha tawk ta lo ila chu chuan a chhe lamin eng chen nge kan khawtlanga zirna boruak hi a nghawng?  

He paper-a inziak lo Thingsulthliah khuaa zirna tihmasawn lehzual tura zirtirtute mawhphurhna dang engte nge ni?

Kan khuaa zirtirtuten zirna tihhmasawn tuma kan beihna-ah eng harsatna nge kan tawh ṭhin? 

 9 May, 2014

 Thingsulthliah