Tunlai Thil Awmzia (Thlirna Tlang Dang) Khawvel Hi A Chhe Tawlh Tawlh Nge Tha Tawlh Tawlh?

“Tunlai thil awmzia,” tih lam rik ruala kan rilrua lo awm chu thil chhe pui pui leh rapthlak tak tak a ni nghal awm e. Pulpit tlang aṭanga ‘Tunlai Thil Awmzia’  kan sawi tam ber pawh thil chhe lam deuh hlir a ni.

             

‘Tunlai Thil Awmzia’  tih sawi tum kan ni a. ‘Tunlai’ kan tih hi a hun a inchen lo thei a, chuvangin a chhiartuten kan mitthla thiam nan heta ‘tunlai’ kan tih hian kum zabi 20-na aṭanga kum zabi 21-na tir lam, kum 2015 February thleng a huam tih lo hre lawk ila a ṭha awm e. Kum zabi 20-na-ah pawh a tam ber chu Indopui Pahnihna hnu, khawvelin hmasawnna rahbi thar a zuan a, ram thar tam tak a lo pian sup sup hnu hi a ni deuh ber ang. Tin, he article-a tunlai kan tih leh mi tunlai tih chu a inang kher turah ngai lo ila a ṭha awm e.

     “Tunlai Thil Awmzia,” sawitu tam berin thil chhe lam hlir an sawi laia ‘a ṭha lam’  sawi lo tum ve phet chu vahai rual zinga vate lo hram ve ang chauh kan ni dawn tih pawh a lang reng; mahse chumi avanga thu dik tlu reng kaihthawh loh chu a dik bik si lo. Chuvangin ṭhenkhatin ‘Pathian thu awih lo ber’ ang hialin min chhuah hreh dawn lo tih hre reng mah ila chepa pawhin, ‘mipa ti tawh na-lai-leng chu’ a ti e an tih kha maw.

1.   Tunlai Hian Suahsualna A Tlahniam Nasa

Khawvel huap pawha chanchinbu lar tak, The Economist-in a report danin kum 1950 hnu lam aṭang khan khawthlang  ram hausa zingah suahsualna a tlahniam nasa hle. A bikin kum 1990 hnu lam atang phei chuan USA ram pum puiah dan bawhchhiatna (crime) chu za zela 32-in a tlahniam a. Khawpui lianah phei chuan za zela 64 laiin a tlahniam a ni.  Tun hma lama suahsual rawngbawlna hmunpui tih hial ngam tur New York khawpuia hmun hmingthang Times Square te pawh hmun ralmuang, thlamuang taka chhungkua an len ho theihna hmun, khualzin mite hiptu ber pakhat a lo ni ta hial mai.

Police record lama a lan dan pawhin mimal inbeihna leh bungraw inruksak leh insuam pawh khawvel pumah nasa takin a tlahniam a ni. Kum 1991 atang khan USA-ah hetiang lama suahsualna hi nasa takin a tlahniam a. Britain-ah pawh kum 1995 aṭang khan a tlahniam nasa hle. Kum zabi 21-na kan chuankai hnu hian tualthahna pawh a tlem ta hle niin an report a ni.

University of California, Berkeley, law professor pakhatin a zir chianna-ah chuan kum 1990 chho aṭang khan USA pum puiah suahsualna hrim hrim entirnan, motor ruk te, tualthahna te, insuamna te ang hi khawpuiah leh khawpui lovah pawh za zela 40-in a tlahniam a. Hei hi Indopui Pahnihna hnu lama a tlakhniam ber lai a ni. Hei hi tunhnaia inṭan mai ni lovin Indopui Pahnihna zawh hnu kum li kum nga zel aṭanga hetiang suahsualna tlahniam hret hret hi a lo tlahniam chak zual sauh tihna a ni zawk.

    Chiang zawka hre duh tan chuan "The Great American Crime Decline," (Oxford University Press, 2007)  tih bu, Franklin Zimring-a ziah [UC Berkeley School of Law (Boalt Hall)] hi chhiar ila a fiah lehzual ang.

A hnuaia Figure 3-ah hian USA-a suahsual rawngbawlna (intihbuaina) a tlakhniam dan chu entir a ni a. Heta a lan dan hi chuan tunlai hian sualna hi a pung lo va, a tlahniam  telh telh zawk tih a lang.

A hnuaia Figure 4-ah hian USA-a bungraw inruksak a tlakhniam dan tihlan a ni.

           

Chiang lehzual kan hriat theih nan FBI report 2009 hi tihian han tarlang ila.

•     Tualthahna (down 10.0 percent);
•     Pawngsual (down 3.3 percent);
•     Khualzinnaa Insuam (down 6.5 percent);
•     Na taka inkhawih (aggravated assault) (down 3.2 percent);
•     In chhunga luta inrawk (down 2.5 percent);
•     Bungrua or thawmhnaw dan lova inlaksak (larceny-theft) (down 5.3 percent); and
•     Motor inruk bosak (down 18.7 percent).

Kum 1997 khan England leh Wales –ah car bo 400,000 report a ni a. Kum 2012-ah chuan 86,000 chauh report a awm tawh. France ramah erawh chuan bungraw inruksak hi engemaw chen kha a han pung chho viau a, mahse a hnu lawkah nasa takin a tlahniam leh ta a ni. Hei hi heng ramahte chauh pawh ni lovin European Union pum puia thil awm dan a ni bawk. Entirnan, Estonia ramah chuan hna thawh tur nei lo za zela 19-a a pung chho chungin tualthahna leh inrawk, insuam tihvel kha za zela 70 zetin a tlahniam a ni.

A hnuaia figure-ah hian khawvel ram hausa pasarih (G7) chhunga crime tlak hniam nasatzia chu a lang thei awm e. G7 member-te chu Canada,  France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom leh United States of America te an ni. He figure hian kum 1995 aṭanga 2010 thleng a huam bawk.

        

Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development-in khawvel pum pui a zir chianna-ah pawh tualthahna hi a tlêm sâwt hle. Kum 2004 khan duhthu renga tualthahna vawi 490,000 a thleng a. An zir zel danin kum 2004-ah khan mi nuaihkhat zelah tualthahna 7.6  thleng ang a ni a. Hetiang lam zirtu tho UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) te chuan kum 2012 khan report an pe ve a. An zir dan chuan kum 2010 khan mi nuaihkhat zelah tualthahna 6.2-in a tlahniam duai mai a ni.

Europe-ah chuan tualthahna hi Middle Ages hun lai ai khan kum zabi 20-na tir lamah khan a lêt 35 zetin a tlahniam niin mi thil chik mite chuan an ngai bawk. Kum 2001 khan mi 557,000  zet an tualthi a. Hei hi khami kum veka indonaa mihring thi aiin a let thumin an tam zawk a ni. Mahse kum 2008-ah chuan mi 289000 chauh an tualthi thung. Kum 2001 atanga tla hniam zelin kum 2013-ah chuan tualthahna hi khawvel pumah za zela 75 zetin a tla hniam angah an ngai hial a nih chu.

India ram kan thlir pawhin suahsualna thenkhat chu pung bawk mah se tam takin tlakhniam lam a pan zel tih chu Frontline chanchinbu Volume 18 - Issue 14, July. 07 - 20, 2001-ah chiang takin a lang. Sualna thenkhat pung viaua lang pawh hi mihring pung chho zel nena khaikhin chuan a nasa lutuk lo va, chu bakah chanchinbu leh TV lamah awlsam taka hetiang suahsualna hi kan hriat zung zung theih tak vanga pung vak anga lang a ni bawk. Frontline chanchinbua National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report hi kum 1999 ami a ni a. A hnu lama report hrang hrang kan chhui zui pawhin India ramah hian suahsualna chi hrang hrang a tlahniam sâwt hle tih chu hai rual a ni lo.

Zee Research Group report (Tuesday, 10 July 2012 - 5:56pm IST. New Delhi ) dan chuan kum 2011 khan India ramah suahsualna hi za zela 7.4-in a tlahniam a. State hrang hrang zingah  Uttarakhand-in hmahruaiin kum 2010 aiin kum 2011-ah suahsualna za zela 48.61-ah a tlahniam a. Indian Penal Code (IPC) leh Special & Local Laws (SLL) hnuaia case register pawh kum 2010-ah 169,436 ni kha kum 2011-ah chuan 87,070 –ah a tlahniam a ni.

Uttarakhand hi Andhra Pradesh (44.22%) leh Uttar Pradesh (8.82) ten an dawt a. Andra Predesh-ah hian kum 2010-ah criminal case 809,996 a nih laiin kum 2011-ah chuan 451, 804 –ah a tlahniam duai mai. Jharkhand-ah suahsualna za zela 7.74-in a tlahniam a, Punjab-ah za zela 6.72-in a hniam thung. Jharkhand-ah hian kum 2010 khan criminal case 42,821 a awm laiin kum 2011-ah chuan 39,503-ah a tlahniam a. Punjab-ah chuan kum 2010 khan case 54,986 a awm a, kum 2011-ah 51,289-ah a tlahniam.

2.   Chi Inthliarna A Tlem Tial Tial.

Kum 150 kal taa American-ho kha chuan America president-ah mihang an awm theih an ring hauh lo vang. Kum 150 chu sawi loh, kum 30 kal ta mai pawh khan rin thiam harsa tak a ni. Mahse tunah chuan America-in president atan mihang a nei ta luah mai. Khawvela chi leh chi inthliarna nasa ber S.America-ah pawh chutiang tho chu a ni. Chi leh chi inthliar avanga buaina te, indona te a tlem tial tial a. Mihring kan inen hrang lo tial tial bawk. Sakhaw zalenna a nasa tial tial. Tunhma lama kristian awm phal lohna ram tam takah zalen takin Pathian a biak theih tawh bawk.

  

A chunga figure kan han tarlan atangte hian chi inthliarna a tlem tial tial tih chu hai rual a ni lo. Chi inthliarna leh chi inthliarna avanga buainate hi sual an nih a, kan duh loh zawng tak an nih bawk chuan sual chu a pung lo va, a tlem tial tial tihna a ni a, kan lawm hle tur a ni.

3.   Ruihtheihthil ti an tlem tial tial

Ruiththeihthil tih hi sualah kan chhiar a, kan duh lo a nih chuan tunlai thil awmzia hian min tilawm hle tur a ni. Kum 1825-a America ṭhalaite chuan kum khatah zu gallon sarih in ang an ni a. Kum 2015-ah chuan ṭhalaiten kum khatah gallon hnih chauh an in a. Chu pawh chu hmanlai ṭhalaiho in chi zu ṭha whiskey leh hard cider te ni lovin beer leh wine an ni lehnghal. Historian pakhat chuan tunhma lama America ram chanchin chu tihian a sawi, “Mi reng rengin zu an heh vek; college zirlai, chanchinbu mi, kuthnathawktu leh kawnglaia inhlawh chenin zu an heh em em a. Zirlaite pawhin class room chhungah zirtirtu rui chhe tak tak an hmu fo,” tiin. (Howe, Daniel Walker. Oxford History of the United States—1815 to 1848—What Hath God Wrought.  New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.  Page 167).

US News December 16, 2014-a Kimberly Leonard-an a report dan chuan kum 1975 aṭanga an chhinchhiah danin USA-ah engemaw nikhuaa ruih tuma zu in vak vak chi an tlêm tial tial a. National Institute on Drug Abuse leh University of Michigan te ṭangrualin USA pum puia sawrkar sikul leh private sikul 377 aṭanga zirlai 41,000 an zirna-ah chuan pawl 10 aṭanga pawl 12 zirlai ṭhalai rual zingah hun rei tak aṭang tawh khan zu in an tlem tial tial tih an hmuchhuak a ni.

A chunga figure kan han tarlan aṭang hian kum 1975 atanga daih tawha tleirawl zu in an tlêm tial tial dan chu a lang chiang hle. Hei hi America ramah chauh pawh ni lovin United Kingdom lamah pawh a ni tho; mihring tam dan phu tawkah zu in an tlem tial tial. Kum 2002 khan mi vantlangin chawlhkar tin zu litre khat leh  chanve an in a, a hnu kum riat 2010-ah chuan litre 1.1 chauh an in tawh a ni. Hei mai ni lovin khawlaia zu rui pawh an tlem sawt hle a, chu chuan buaina a titlem a, khawlai a tiralmuang sawt bawk. Mizoram ang deuh tho a nih chu. Kum sawmhnih chuang kal ta aṭang khan Mizoramah pawh khawlaia insual luih luih, a bikin Sunday tlai apianga kawn tin maia insual kha kan sim tawh a ni. 

Hetiang hian a khaikhawmna ziak ila a tha awm e:

·         Cigarettes

·         Kum 2014 hian America ṭhalai zingah kum dang ngaihtuahin mei zu an tlêm ta hle. Kum 1997 khan naupang an kawm za zela 28 chuan a hma thla khat chhung khan mei an zu niin an sawi a. Kum 2014-ah erawh chuan tleirawl za zela pariat (8) chauhin thla khat kal ta chhung khan mei an zu niin an insawi. Meizial zuk ṭha ti lo pawh an pung tial tial a ni.

·         Illicit Drugs

Damdawi tha lo, ruihhlo, a bikin marijuana khawih pawh an tlem tial tial. Heng bakah hian damdawi ṭha lo chi hrang hrang khawih pawh a kum telin an tlem tial tial bawk. Hei hi sual dotute tan chuan a lawmawm hle awm e.

A chunga figure kan tarlan aṭang hian America zirlaiten mei an zuk tlem tial tial dan chu a lang mai awm e. A rin chung zawk hi high sikul naupang an ni a, a hnuai zawk hi middle sikul naupang an ni. 

A chunga figure hian ṭhalai zinga ruihtheih thil chi hrang hrang ti thin an tlem sawtzia a tarlang bawk.

4.   Indona a tlem tial tial

Tunhma lam ngaihtuah chuan kan indo ngai lo tluk a ni ta. A hnuaia figure hian indona tlem sawtzia leh indonaa thi pawh a mihring tam dan phu tawka kan tlem zelzia a tarlang.

 

Hei bakah pawh a hnuaia figure aṭang hian kum 1945 aṭanga kum 2013 thlenga indona avanga thi kan tlem sawtzia chu  a hriat thiam theih mai awm e:

            Lawrence Keeley-a chuan hmanlai miten indo an hratzia leh a mihring tam dan phu tawka indonaa thi an tamzia a ziak a. Ani chhut dan chuan tunhma kum zabi 19-na hma lama hnam mawl, tribal zinga indona a nasat dan chhutin kum tin tribal lalte khan indona-ah mi pahnih zel chan ang an ni a. Chu chu mihring 400-ah kum tin pahnih thi ang an ni. Hmanlai hnam mawlho zinga za zela 75 kha kum nga danah an indo zel ang a ni a. Za zela 50 te phei chu kum tin indo ang an ni. Hetianga hnam mawlho indo dan leh indonaa thi an tamzia ngaihtuah hi chuan tunlai hian indona a tlem hle a, indona avanga mitthi pawh an tlem hle niin a sawi. Entirnan, tribal rate-a chhut chuan kum tin indonaah Canada mi 165,000, European Union-ah nuaih 25, China ramah nuaih 66.6 ang vel thi ziah se hmanlai hnam mawlho nen khan kan inhen tawk vel tur a ni. Mahse chutiang chu a ni teuh si lo.

Richard Rodes-a chhut dan ve thung chuan kum zabi 20-na chhung khan indona-ah mihring maktaduaih 100 vel zet thi ta se, tribal rate anga chhut chuan a tam lo hle niin a sawi. Indonaa hmanlai mite thih tamzia ngaihtuah chuan maktaduaih sanghnih vel thi tur an ni (Loren Cobb). Tin, hmanlai anga nunau pawisawi lo insuat buaih buaih leh sala inhralh ang kha a awm tawh lo va, chu chuan nunau thihna pawh a tizia-awm hle a ni.

A chunga figure hian BC 3,000 aṭanga AD 2000 inkara indona tam dan leh tlem dan a tarlang a. Heta ṭang hian a chiang viau bawk. He figure-a a lan dan hi chuan Isua pian hma kum 2000 atanga a pian hnu kum 1600 inkar khan khawvelah indona a tam ber.

5.   Khawlai Nun A Nuam Sawt Hle

Mizoram han thlir hmasa ila. Hmanlai Mizo khawlai nun mawl tak ang kha a tlem ve tial tial a. Mihring nun changkang chho zel hian khawlai nun a tinuam sawt hle. Mi ang lo chhaih duhdah te, an tih dan zir te, tar chak lo zawk auh nawmnah te, mi khawlai kal mai mai lo vawm te, mawi lo taka lo auh mai mai te, mi in chung leh bang vawm ringawt te a tlem tial tial bawk. Rannung chungah kan ngilnei sawt em em. Hmanlai Mizo naupangin sava bu an suasam a, a tui an hmeh kehsak ringawt ang te leh sava veh hrim hrim te a vang ta hle mai. Thingtlang naupang zingah pawh rannung sawisak ching an tlem ta viau mai hi thil ṭha lam a ni. Hengte hian khawlai nun a tinuam daih mai. 

Khawlaiah zu rui insual luih luih hmuh tur an vang ta. Hei hi thil lawmawm a ni. Tunah chuan zu ruih avanga insual kher tumna a aw ta meuh lo. Zu in mite pawh an inthlahrung thiamin hawih an hawm sawt hle. Chutiang bawkin mei zu mite pawhin a zu ve lote mitmei an veng thiam sawt khawp mai.

Hetiang tho hi ram dangah pawh zu ni a! New Delhi te, Mumbai te, Kolkata etc., vairam khuate khu tunhma aiin khawlai a zalen zawk a, a mihring tam dan phu tawk ngaihtuahin hmanlai ai chuan mite pawh an thlamuang zawk daih. New York-ah te pawh tunhmaa zan lama mi len chhuah that ngam lohna hmun Time Square te chu mi nawlpuiin an nel ta em em a, hmun ralmuang tak a ni tawh. Chutiang bawkin khawpui dangte pawh an ni tho.

Hmeichhe dinhmun a ṭha sâwt em em bawk. Pawngsual pawh a tlem ta hle. Hmanlai chuan hmeichhiain pawngsual an tawhin thubuai hla buaiah an la ngam meuh lo va, an tuar tlawk tlawk mai a ni. Tunah erawh chuan hmeichhe duh lo chung mutpui luih chu sual hlein a lang ta a. Hmeichhiate pawhin thubuai hla buaiah an la ngam ta bawk a. Chutia dan hmanga rorelna kalpui a lo nih takah chuan thubuai tam tak a lo awm ta a, chu chuan hmeichhe chunga hlei lenna hi pung ta viau angah mi a ngaihtir ṭhin. Mahse a nihna takah chuan hetia pawngsual case a lo tam takna chhan hi hmeichhia an zalen vang leh danin a humhalh ṭhat em avanga hmanlaia an ngawih bopui mai mai ṭhin tam tak thubuaiah an lak ngam tak vang a ni.

Mi rethei leh mi hausa kan inthlau tial tial niin an sawi ṭhin. Hei hi a dikna chen pawh a awm ang. Ni e, kan sum neih zat chu a inthlau tial tial pawh a ni maithei. Mahse hmanlai mi retheiho nun chepzia leh hmuhsit hlawhzia te ngaihtuah chuan tunlai mi retheite hi chu vannei tak kan ni. Sawrkarin kan thlavang a hauh nasa a, political party leh NGO hrang hrangin kan hamṭhatna tur an ngaihtuah nasa bawk a, kan vannei tawh hle. Tin, kan sum neih a inthlau deuh a nih pawhin kan thil neih a inthlau lo tial tial thung. Tunah chuan Mizoramah hian a rethei ber leh a hausa ber pawhin mobile phone service inang kan hmang vek a. TV program a inang vek a. Kan chawhmeh pawh a inthlau lo tial tial. Kan silhfen nise hmanlai mi hausa leh rethei silhfen inthlauhzia ngaihtuah chuan inang sawt tak kan ni.

Sawi tur a tam ngei mai. Hetianga kawng hrang hrang thlir hian khawvel hi Pathianin a la hmangaih reng a, tunlai mite tan hian thil chhia hlir a dah bik lo tih a tilang chiang hle a ni. Kan thlirna tarmit vuaha zirin khawvel kan hmuh dan hi a inang lo thei dawn hle a lo ni.

      Kristian nu leh pa tam tak hi chuan kan fate an tel dawn loh phawt chuan

khawvelah hian sualna pung se sawi nuam kan tiviau awm asin. Tualthah te, rukruk te, ruihtheih thil tih te hi pung se pulpit tlanga au chhuahpui a, khawvel tawp hnaih tawhzia entir nana hman kan chak  ṭhin. Chutiang lam hriat tum chuan kan beng a za a, kan ngaihven bawk. Chutianga khawvel sualna sawi tur kan inhriat tam siak laia a thli beng loh zawnga lo sawi ve chu huaisen a ngai hle mai. Mahse hei erawh hi chu thudik a ni: Eden huan aṭanga khawvel tawp thlenga mihring lo piang chhuakte kha Pathian chuan a hun laia zira hmangaih deuh bik leh hmangaih loh deuh bik a nei lo vang tih hi.◊Δ

 Thu Belh:

Khawvelah hian misual ngaihsan tak tak kan nei fur mai awm e. Kan naupan lai chuan Robin Hood-a kha kan ngaisang thei hle. Dan pawn lama hnawhchhuah, mi zin vei vak vel lo suam thin kha a ni a. Mi pangngai tana a hnawksak turzia leh khualzin mite a tih raltit dan tur lam kan ngaihtuah lo; kan ngaisang em em ringawt. Dan leh thupêk kengkawha ram roreltute chu mi sualah kan chhuah mah mah zawk a nih kha.

Hetiang deuh hian lawng suamhmang chanchin kan chhiar pawhin kan ngaisang lek lek zawk fo mai. Western thawnthu kan chhiar phei chuan outlaw, sawrkar tana mi hnawksak tak takte kha a changtupa an han nih hlauh chuan kan tran em em mai a, dan kengkawha mipui thlavang hauhtu, ram siam thrat tuma thi leh thau pawlha beotute kha kan hmu nikhua lo zawk fo bawk.

Kan tleirawl lai khan Sufi leh Noat-a te nupa, thilruk ching chanchin kha kan chhiar thin a. An huai si, an remhre si, an fing si, an hmelthra bawk si; dan leh thupêk kengkawha mipui rawngbawltute ai khan kan ngaisang a, kan tran zawk bawk.

Hman deuh khan thuhriltu pakhat chuan a sual thinzia a sawi chiam mai a. A sual dan lah kha a sawi nawm hmel ang reng phian si a. A lo ngaithlatute chuan, amah kha an ngaisang si a, mi thra ziktluak aiin mi sual kan ngaisang zawk lo chauh a ni. Mipa tleirawl chhuak hlimho tan phei chuan han sual ve deuh bat a, engemaw ti taka han awm eu hmasak vel phawt kha a chakawm satliah ni lovin tih ngei ngei tur a nih zawk hmel riau alawm; a sawi nawm hmel em mai.

            Mizorama sualna a punlunna chhan ber pakhat pawh hetiang mi sual dam leh testimony hi a ni. Han sual fê phawta pian thar hi a ropui hmel hliah hliah thin a. Chuvangin kan thalai zinga tleirawl sual a lar viau mai pawh hi a awm hliah hliah a ni. Hman deuh phei kha chuan sual hmasak fê phawt loh chuan pian thar theih loh deuhthaw ang te khan kan sawi lek lek mai a. Chu chuan sualna hi a tipunlun nasa hle ang tih ka ring ve bur mai a ni.ΔΔ