Tawng Lehlin

Tawng lehlin hi

Isua pian hma kum zabi pathumna lai khan Grik mi thiam 72 chuan Hebrai Bible chu Grik ṭawngin an letling a. A hmingah a letlingtu mihring zat sawina septuagint an ti. Hei hi Aigupta rama Juda awm, Grik ṭawng hmang site tana lehlin niawma sawi a ni. He Bible lehlin hi a lar ta viau mai a. Old Latin, Ethiopic, Armenian, Georgian, Slavonic leh Arab ṭawnga Bible lehlin te chu Septuagint  atanga lehlin hi a ni.

Kum AD 1380 khan Oxford professor, theologian, Morning Starr of Reformation an tih bawk John Wycliffe-an Bible a lehlin kha English-a ṭawng lehlinah chuan a lar pawl leh chai zui hlawh pawl a ni. A hun laia kohhran chuan a huat em avangin Wycliffe-a hian a duh angin hna pawh a thawk ṭha thei lo. A hnu-ah John Huss-a te, Thomas Lonacre-a te, John Colet-a te William Tyndale-a teho an rawn chhuak a. William Tyndale-an English-a Greek Bible a lehlin kha a lar leh hle a. A thih phah nghe nghe a nih kha. A hun laia Europe ram chu a nghawr nghing nasa hle a; ramin a buai phah khawp mai.

Mizoramah pawh saphovin hawrawp kan neih rualin khawvel ṭawng hausa ber English atanga lehkhabu lehlinin min rawn luhchilh nghal a. Hei hian kan khaw hawi a tizau lehzual ni te pawhin a lang. Bengali hawrawp te chu lo hmang ila tun ai hian kan khawvel tukverh hi a zim hle mai thei a ni. Pastor Chuautera lehlin “Kristian Vanram Kawngzawh” (1910) te chu a hun laiin a lar hle. Nikhama lehlin Quo Vadis (1954) te, R.Lalzuala lehlin Ivanhoe te,  Dr Thanglura lehlin Benhur te, Lalsangliana lehlin The Count of Monte Cristo te hi a lar hle.  JF Laldailova khan lehkhabu 12 a letling a, a lar hlawm viau. A lehkhabu lehlin pakhat, Alexander Dumas Jr ziah Camille phei chu a publish-tu R.Lalrawna chuan a han dahsang khawp a, “Lehkhabu lehlin zirna sikul te awm phei se, zirlaibu atana hman tlak niin ka hria,” a ti hial a ni (Camille, p. 26. 2011 Edition). English literature ṭha tak tak kha Mizo tapchhak zawl min kaipui thei a; literature lama min tihhausak dan kha sawi sen a ni awm lo ve.

Hnam dang lehkhabu ril tak tak leh ngaihnawm tak takte hi tun ai hian letling uar zel ila, chu chuan kawng hrang hrangin mi a tichangkang ngei ang. Keini kohhran tân phei chuan lehkhabu lehlin hi literature tihhausakna ni satliah lovin thlarau nun chawm lenna a ni a. Chuvangin sawi nep lova uar deuh deuh chi a ni.

Lehkhabu lehlin dan hrang hrang 

            Lehkhabu lehlin dan hi chi hrang hrang tam tak awmin an sawi. A ṭhente phei chuan an phel sin khawp mai. Sawi vek sên a ni lo va, sawi vek seng pawh ni ila a ṭul hek lo. Tlem tê chauh sawi ila.

            Communication Theory: Hei hian thil pathum, (i) thuziaktu, (ii) a thu ziah leh (iii) a lo chhiartute a huam a. Miin thu ziaktu leh sawitu dinhmun a hriat chian a, a lo chhiar tura a duhte chanchin a hriat chian poh leh a sawi tum a hre fiah mai dawn a ni. Tirhkoh Paula thuziak letling tur chuan a ziah hun laia thil awm dan leh a ziah chhan mihringte nunphung a hriat chian hle khan a ziaktu thu sawi tum hriat a awlsamin a lehlin pawh a nawm phah hle ang. Chuvang chuan Bible letlingtute chuan Bible ziaktute chanchin leh an hun laia vantlang nunte uluk takin an zir fo reng a ni.

            Newmark-a chuan a hnuaia mi ang hian ṭawng lehlin dan hrang hrang tihian a sawi:

            Word for Word Translation (Thumalte a nih ang anga lehlin), Literal Translation (a nihna ang anga lehlin), Faithful Translation (Target Language grammar kalphung zawm chunga kan ṭawng lehlin awmze hnai bera lehlin), Semantic Translation (a mawi tur zawnga lehlin), Adaptive Translation (J.F.Laldailovan Shakespears-a play a lehlin dan ang hi a ni ber awm e.Kan thu lehlin thupui, plots leh character-te tidanglam lova zalen taka lehlin hi a ni-SL-a culture leh norms te kha TL culture-in an letling thin), Free Translation (kan ṭawng lehlin thupui leh nihphung zawm em em lova lehlin), Heng lo pawh hi Idiomic Translation tih te leh Communicative Translation tih te pawh a la awm.

            Nida (1964) chuan ṭawng lehlin dan chu technical procedure leh organisational procedure-in a ṭhen hrang a. Technical procedure chuan (A) uluk taka Source Language (SL) leh Target Languge (TL) bihchianna te, (B) lehlin hmaa uluk taka SL awmzia zir chian hmasak te leh (C) a thu awmzia leh ṭawngkam inchheh dan tlangpui hriat chian hmasak te a ni.

            Kan kohhran lehkhabu thenkhat EG White-i ziak leh Sabbath School zirlaibute hi Bible ang deuh thuaka kan hman avang hian literal translation emaw word for word translation emaw, a inpawlhin emaw an letling deuh ber niin a lang a. Hetianga lehlin hi a harsain ṭawngkam a ulh duh a, thiam loh nih hlawh pawh a awl a, sawisel pawh an tawk zing malh malh hle.

Culture Bound Terms (CBTs)

Hnam tin hian kan awmna hmuna zir te, kan sakhuaa zirten mi hnamin min ṭawmpui hleih theih loh ṭawng engemaw bik kan nei ṭheuh niin an sawi. Chu chu sap ṭawngin culture-bound terms (CBTs)  an ti. Mizo leh tlawmngaihna tih chu ṭhen hran theih loh, kan hnam zepui ni hliah hliah niin kan hria a. Hnam dang ṭawnga awm ve lo ang hial leh kan hnam thil bik ni hliah hliahin kan hria a. Kan culture-bound terms (CBTs) a ni ve mai ang chu. Sap ṭawnga hippies tih te, Russia ṭawnga Stilyagi tih te hi  culture-bound terms (CBTs) an ni. Culture-bound terms (CBTs) te hi inlehlinsak vek theih a ni chiah lo. Mizote chu tlangrama cheng kan ni a, chu chuan kan thil sawi danah kori a tu thui hle. Heng khu, khi, saw, va, han, zuk te hian a sawitu awmna a hril nghal vek mai. “Khu tah ka kal dawn,” ka tih chuan ka awmna aiin ka kalna tur chu a hniam zawk tih a entir a. “Saw ta mi saw,” tih chuan a sawitu leh a thil sawia chu an awmna san lam a inchen thawkhat tih a sawifiah nghal vek mai. “Aizawl ka han kal teh ang,” titu awmna chu Aizawl aiin a hniam emaw, Aizawl khawthlang lama mi emaw a ni thei. “Aizawl ka zuk kal teh ang,” titu awmna chu Aizawl khawchhak lam emaw, a aia sang emaw a ni tih a chiang nghal em em. Heng thumalte hi Kawl phaia awm Mizote pawhin Mizorama an rawn kal hian an hmang thiam tâwk lo fo ṭhin. Hetiang hi hnam dang ṭawngin lehlin vek theih a ni lo.

Phaia awmten an ni tin nun atanga thumal an chher chhuahte chu Mizo ṭawnga lehlin vek theih a ni bik awm lo ve. Eskimo rama awmte chuan vur hi a len dan leh a hmel lan dana zira sawi dan chi hrang 25 vel lai neiin an sawi ṭhin a. Chungte chu Mizo ṭawnga lehin sen a ni lo va, tum phet tur pawh a ni lo. Tuifinriat kama khawsa ṭhinten tuifinriat leh a kaihhnawih behchhana ṭawngkam/thumal hrang hrang an chherte chu Mizo ṭawngin a tlukpui thumal neih theih a ni lo vang. Sap ṭawnga ice, snow leh frost te hi vur hmu ve mang lo Mizo chuan vûr kan tivek mai a. Hengte hi a awmzia sawifiah fê loh chuan kan ṭawng thumal pakhata lehlin hleih theih a ni lo.

Isuan kraws ler atanga a nu Mari, “Hmeichhia’ tia a zu ko chu Mizo chuan hriat thiam harsa kan ti hle bawk. Mahni nu te ‘Hmeichhia’ tih chu keini tan chuan mi hawihhawm lo ṭawngkam a ni. Juda-ho ngaihdan zu hriat chian kha a pawimawh ta hle mai. Chuti lo chu Isua chu nu te zah lo deuhah a chhuah theih a ni. Kan ṭawng lehlin turte culture hriat a ṭha.

Sap ṭawng hausakzia hi chu sawi ngai lovah dah ila. Mizo ṭawng hi sap ṭawng aia a hausakna a awm nual a ni. Nupa inṭhen chungchang sawina-ah hian kan hausa hle. Sapho chuan divorce an ti vek mai a. Keini erawh chuan ma, sumchhuah, sazu mei dawh,  sum lai tan,  kawngka sula mak,  peksa changa inthen, tihte kan nei a. Kan ṭawng hausakna lam tak a ni. Hengte hi sap ṭawnga lehlin hleih theih ani bik kher lo vang. Tin, sap ṭawnga love tih leh Mizo ṭawnga ‘hmangaih’ tih hi a intluk tawk viau naa Mizo chuan nula leh tlangval chu kan inngaihzawntir thin a. Sap ṭawngah ‘inngaizawng’ tlukpui a awm lo mai thei. ‘Kunga and Hriati love each other’ tih chu ‘Kunga leh Hriati an inhmangaih’ tia lehlin ai chuan ‘Kunga leh Hriati an inngaizawng’ ti ila Mizo ṭawng tualleng pangngai kan zawm zawk tihna a ni. Saphovin inngaizawng tih ṭawngkam tlukpui an nei chiah si lo. Mizo hmeichhiaten man an nei a. Chumiin a kalpui thumal, entirnan, ni ar, palal, pusum, sumfang, nau puakpuan etc., te hi man leh mual nei ve lo leh man ineitir ve ngai lo sapho chuan a tlukpui thumal an nei lo.

Lehlin Tur ṭawng (Source Language) Hriat Chian

            |awng lehlin dawna pawimawh tak chu kan lehlin tur ṭawng hriat chian a ni. Sap ṭawng atanga letling kan nih deuh ber avangin sapṭawng bawk lo sawi ila. Meat tih thumal hi tun hma chuan chaw pangngai sawina a ni a, tunah erawh chuan sa tihna a ni ta ber e. Random House Dictionary-in a sawi dan phei chuan sa-ah pawh chaw atana kan hman chi (Mizo tan chuan chawhmeh) kher hi a ni. Kan ṭawng lehlin kha eng tik hun laia ziah nge hriat chian a ngai hle. Tin, ṭawngkam ṭhenkhat chu a thumal zawng zawng kan hriat chian, a awmze danglam daih si a awm. “I am going to wash my hand” tih hi miin “Ka kut ka sil dawn,” tiin letling sela a letling dik chiah a ni. Mahse a sawitu rilru chu a letling chhuak zo lo hle thung. “Zunram ka thiar dawn,” tiin letling se a sawitu tum tak a letling dik zawk ang.

            Sap ṭawnga ka chak lohna pakhat chu phrase hi a ni. Dead tih thumal lar tak hmanga phrase an siamte hi entirnan lo hmang ila. Dead duck tih chu ‘varak thi’ tiin miin letling sela a tisual lem lo. Mahse a hmanna azirin ‘ṭangkai lo’ sawina a ni si. Dead beat tih chu ‘hah lutuk’ sawina a nih laiin dead-beat (hyphen dahin) chu kea per tlut tlut sawina a ni daih mai. Dead end chu kawng tawp tihna a nih laiin dead-end chu hmabak nei lo tihna a ni daih si. Happy hour tih chu hun hlimawm tak sawina a nih duh hmel hle; a nih pawh a ni ang. Mahse saphote chu zu in mi an tam a, chung zu in ṭhang tana hun hlimawm ber chu ni khat chunga  zu zuartuten an zu zawrh an hralh tlawm theih lai hun hi a ni a; chumi sawina daih chu a ni.

            Tin, slang (ṭawng lerh) a awm leh a. Sap ṭawng hmangtu leh ziaktu hi an tam si a. Ram bial khat mai chu sawi loh, khawpui pakhat chhunga mi ringawt pawhin ṭawngkam hman bik riau an nei thei a; chungte chu Mizoram aṭangin a zu hriat vek sen si loh. Entirnan, chicken tih chu keini chuan arsa kan ti mai; mahse American ṭawng lerah chuan dawihzep tihna a ni (Don’t be a chicken. Stand up to him). Dough (money), pig (eating too much), grass (marijuana) etc. Hetiang slang hi lehkhabu ṭha pangngaiah chuan an hmang meuh lo va, a vanneihthlak hle a ni.

            Grammar kalhmang leh ṭawng kalhmang hrim hrim pawh engemaw chen hriat a ṭha hle. Sawi tur a tam. Figure of speech te hriat chian an ṭha hle bawk. Figure of speech-ah pawh metaphor leh simile te hi mi sawi tam, sap ṭawng bel lo tana ṭawng lehlin tiharsatu an ni thei.

Lehlinna Tawng (Receptor-/Target Language): Mizo ṭawng

             Hei hi han sawi thui deuh ila. Lehlin tur ṭawng ai mahin kan lehlinna tur ṭawng thiam a pawimawh zawk. Sap thawnthu kan letling thei; sap ṭawngin thawnthu kan ziak ve thiam miah lo thung. Kan lehlin tur ṭawng chu kan hriatsa belhin dictionary en chung pawha inzawn hmuh chawp mai theih a ni zawk a; kan lehlinna tur ṭawng erawh chu dictionary-a innghah sên a ni tawh lo. Sap ṭawnga ‘Oh! My God!” tih chu “Aw, ka Pathian,” tia lehlin kher a ṭul lo. Sapin “Oh! My God” an tih hian Pathian an han au tak tak tihna a ni kher lo va, an au lo tihna pawh a ni hek lo. “Awi, ka rei!” tihna ang lek fang a ni. Amarawhchu Mizo mipate chuan  ‘Awi, karei’ chu an ti ve duai duai ngai lo va Chuvangin a sawitu chu mipa a nih chuan, “E heu!” tiin emaw, “A khai aw!” tiin emaw dah ila a sawitu sawina rilru chu a phawk chhuak zawk awm e.

            Mizo ṭawng thumal ṭhenkhat, sap ṭawng aia kan ṭawng hausakna a awm nual. Sapho chuan bengbeh beh te, ngun bun te, pheikhawk bun te, kawr ha te, lukhum khum te leh ṭhi awrh te hi ‘wear’ emaw, ‘put on’ emaw an ti vek mai. Mizo ṭawng chuan a chiang hle. “A bengah bengbeh a beh” tih a ngai tawh lo; miin bengbeh a beh chuan a beng kha sawi ri tel lo mah ila a chiang tawh hle. Chutiang bawkin “A ke-ah pheikhawk a bun,” ti lovin “Pheikhawk a bun” tih khan a chiang tawk em em a ni.

            Lehkhabu lehlin hi ṭawng humhimna hmanrua a ni tih hriat reng tur a ni. Sap ṭawnga sister tih hi unau-nu tia lehlin palh a awl hle. Mahse Mizo hian sister tih ringawta aia chiang farnu leh laizawn tih thumal kan nei a; vawn him tlat tur a ni. Sister tih ringawt chu farnu nge laizawn, Catholic kohhrana rawngbawltu sister nge a hriat hran mai theih loh. Ama’rawhchu a humhalhna lam rilru hi kan pu lutuk anga, ṭawng dang hmanga kan ṭawng tihhausakna tur mang mang pawh kan tih loh phah ang tih a hlauhawm hle.

            Heng thumal ṭhenkhat,  pû (thing), phur (thing), pua (nausen), kawt (tui), chawi (tui) te hi sapho chuan carry an ti vek mai a. Kan ṭawnga kan sawi chuan a chiang hle. Mizo ṭawng hi hausa deuh a ni. Hnam dang ṭawng aia pachhe zâwk fê-ah kan ngai bik tur a ni lo. Buh kan tuh a, sawhting kan ling a, fû kan phun a, thlai chi kan thlâk bawk. Hengte hi sawi fin loh tur a ni. Tin, leia kan thlai chin lo ṭiak leh chu a thlai chi azirin kan lam dan a danglam daih mai. Fû chu a lo chawr a, buh a ṭo a, bal a chawr thung. Rawtuai chu “A va ṭhang chak em!” kan ti ngai lo; “A tlan,” kan ti daih mai.

            Tawng letlingtu chuan ama hnam ṭawng tihausakna lam pawh a ngaihtuah tur a ni. L.Keivom chuan sap ṭawng thumal thenkhat, Mizo ṭawng anga kan hman tlânglawn ang chite hi chu a Mizo sipel ang ang khan a ziak hmiah hmiah mai a; a inthlahrung reng reng lo. Entirnan, committee chu kawmiti, civilization chu sivilaizesawn, culture tih chu kalchar tiin a ziak hmiah hmiah mai. Tin, hnam dang ṭawng, Mizo ṭawnga kan lak luh, hnam dang ṭawng atanga kan lak a ni tih pawh kan hriat tawh mang loh a awm ṭeuh mai. Entirnan, bazar, chapal, charchar, chokut, hisâp, kuli, lehkha, mêl, member, parda, pen, pulpit, , rêl, rizai, sana, sipai te hi chu Mizo hawrawpin kan ziak hmiah hmiah tawh a, tuman mak kan ti lo; tihawm rengah kan ngai tawh a ni. Amarawhchu sap ṭawng ni si, Mizo ṭawng anga kan hman, a sipel sap ṭawng sipel anga kan la hman an awm; entirnan, camera, committee, culture, campaign, politic, exam, goal te hi Mizo hawrawpa ziah ve mai a hun tawh em? Heng thumalte hi kan ṭawng tih hausakna hmanraw ṭha takah hmang thiam ila a tih chi phianin ka ring a ni.

            Mizo ṭawng ziah tiharsatu ber chu ‘zawm leh zawm loh tur’ hriat a harsa leh ngaihdan inang lo fo hi a ni. Mizoram Board of School Education-in ‘Mizo |awng Ziah Dan’ tih bu (2008) a chhuah chu ka hmang tangkai hle. Hei pawh hi sawisel bo chu a la ni chuang lo naa thu leh hla lama tui mi chuan neih ngei chi a ni. |awng lehlin lama tui, Mizo ṭawnga hmasawn tumte chuan mi thiam hrang hrang thuziakte hi chhiar tam ila a sawt viau ang.

            Sap ṭawngah chuan passive voice kan hmu zing hle. Mizo erawh chuan passive voice hi kan hmang ngai meuh lo. Ziak leh chhiara bul min ṭanpuitute kha passive voice hmang ṭhin sapho an nih miau avangin an tihdan kan lo entawn pawh kha a mak lo ve. Tunlaiin sap ṭawngin min chiah hneh tawh avang leh sap ngaisang tak mai kan nih avangin hriat mang loh hlana an thu ziah dan style lâk palh a awl hle. Amarawhchu Mizo ṭawnga thu kan ziah hian active voice hmang tam ila a ṭawngkauchheh leh a flow a dikin chhiar a nuam zawk ang.

            Sap ṭawnga abstract noun hi Mizo ṭawnga lehlin hian ‘na’ belha abtract noun  siam ve mai kan ching ta hle. Kan inveng seng ta lo a ni ber e. “Kan zinna-ah ṭawngtaina kan nei a. Chumi zawhah zun ram thiarna kan nei leh bawk,”  tih ang deuh hi kan hmang tam ta hle mai. Kan lehlinna tur ṭawng (keini tan Mizo ṭawng) zir taimak hi ṭawng lehlinnaa thil pawimawh tak a ni tih hi hre reng ang u.

A ziaktu sawi tum hriat chian

            |awng lehlin dawna pawimawh hmasa chu a ziaktu sawi tum zu hriat chian hmasak hi a ni. Thu kan ziahin kan thusawi tum tih fiah nan ṭawngkam bungraw chi hrang hrang kan hmang ṭhin. Chu chu figure of speech an tih hi a ni ber. Heng figure of speech, entirnan simile, metaphor, personification, euphemism, irony, pun, epigram, metonymy, epigram, climax, anti-climax etc., hmang hian kan duhzawng kan sawi chhuak ṭhin. Sapho figure of speech te hi a chang chuan hriat thiam an harsa khawp mai.

            A ziaktu sawi tum hriat theih nana a ṭawngkam hmante ngun taka kan han zir chiang hi anlysis an ti a. A sawi tum, a laimu taka kha kernel an ti. Chutianga mi thuziahte kan han analyse vek a, a sawi tum kernel kan hmuh chhuah tawh chuan kan lehlinna tur ṭawng lam kha ngaihtuah a ngai ta chauh a ni. A ziaktu thu sawi tum tak kha kan ṭawnga lehlin theih chiah a nih loh chuan a awmze hnai thei ang bera dah mai tur a ni.

Mahni ngaihdan zeh tel loh

            Lehkhabu lehlin hian mahni ngaihdan zeh tel palh a awl hle an ti a; a dik viau mai. A bikin Bible letlingtute hi he thu-ah hian an fimkhur em em a, kohhran pakhat ngaihdan kha lehlin tel palh a awl hle niin an sawi. Keini Seventh-day Adventists te hian tuma tel lovin letling ve ila kan inveng sêng ang em? Kohhran malin Bible an lehlinte hi hetiang lamah hian an fihlim lo deuh niin an sawi ṭhin.

Lehlinna thumal hman ngai hman reng

            Lehkhabu lehlin hian thumal pakhat kan lehlin tawh kha hmun dangah a lo awm leh pawhin a hma lama kan lehlinna thumal ang chiah kha hman hram hram tur niin an ngai a. “Love” tih thumal chu ‘hmangaihna’ tia lehlin a nih tawh chuan phêk danga ‘love’ thumal awm reng reng chu ‘hmangaihna emaw, hmangaih’ emaw tia lehlin a ni vek tur a nih chu. Amarawhchu Johana 21:15-17-ah chuan Isuan Petera hnenah, “Do you love me?” a ti a. Petera chuan, “…I love you” tiin a lo chhang a. Heta Peteran ‘love’ tih thumal a hman hi hmun dang ang lo takin ‘ngaina’ tiin an dah hlauh mai a. Isua hmaa Petera zamzia leh a hmaa vawi thum ngawt a lo phatsan tawh dan hre renga ‘love’ tih thumal ‘ngaina’ tia an letling hi nalh ka ti riau; a leltingtute pawh hi an thiam hlein ka hria a ni. A hun leh a hmun azira hman thiam a pawimawh hle a nih chu.

            Sap ṭawng thumal ṭhenkhat chu a ṭawngkam ngai renga lehlin chi a ni lo. “Good Samaritan” tih chu ‘Samari mi ṭha’ kan ti a; a dik em em. Mahse ‘He is a good player’ tih chu ‘inkhel thiam’ sawina a ni daih tawh. Hetianga thu inang reng, kan hman dan azira a awmze lo danglam daih hi hman thiam a ṭul hle bawk.

Lehlin tih hriat loh

            Lehkhabu lehlin ṭha tehna pakhat chu lehlin a ni tih hriat mang loh hi a ni. Mizo a, aw, b siamtu Pu Buanga te ṭhian dunin kum 1894 January 11-a Mizoram an rawn thlen aṭanga kum 16-na kum 1910-ah Pastor Chuautera chuan lehlin a ni tih pawh hriat mang loh khawpa tluang mar nalhin Kristian Vanram Kawng Zawh bu chu a letling thei der mai a ni. Kan ṭawngkam hman leh kan thu ziah dan kalhmang hrim hrim kha kan ṭawng lehlin (SL) kalhmang ni lovin kan lehlinna ṭawng (TL, keini-ah chuan Mizo ṭawng) kalhmang dik taka hman kha a chhiar a nuam ber a, a ngaihnawm duh bik bawk. Miin anmahni culture mila thu an ziah kha a nihna ang diak diaka lehlin chuan a ngaihnawm duh lo hle. |awng lehlin hian a ṭawng ngau ngaua chauh kha letling lovin kan ṭawng lehlin (SL) te culture chu kan ṭawng lehlinna (TL) ṭawng hmangtute culture hnaih thei ang bera lehlin ni se chhiar a nuam bik em em a ni.

Kan Leh Mil Zela |awngkam Hman

            Tin, kan ṭawng lehlin chu sakhaw lam lehkhabu emaw, thawnthu bu emaw pawh a ni thei. Thawnthu bu-ah pawh kristian novel te, khawvel taka inhmangaihna thawnthu te, indo thawnthu te a awm a. Heng lehkhabu kan lehlin hian kan ṭawngkam hman kha fimkhur a ṭul hle. Pathian thu kan lehlinna ṭawngkam leh thawnthu bu kan lehlinna ṭawngkam chu a inang tur a ni lo.  Tin, kan lehkhabu lehlin chhiar tura kan duh (target group) te mil tawka ṭawngkam hman thiam a pawimawh hle bawk. Kan target group-te chu mi thiam pui pui an ni thei, lehkha thiam miah lo (ziak leh chhiar thiam ngawr ngawr) pawh an ni thei, puitling chhiar chi deuh te, naupang chhiar tur te an ni thei; chungte chuan kan thu lehlinna ṭawngkam kha hril thei se a ṭha hle ang.

            Engpawhnise, ṭawng lehlin danah ‘hei hi a ṭha ber e,’ tih hi sawi a harsa hle. Mizo zinga ṭawng lehlin thiam hmingthang J.F.Laldailova kha ṭawng lehlin a thiam nachhan an zawt a. Ani chuan a hriat loh apiang mi a zawh nasat ṭhin thu leh mi zawh hreh loh chu ṭawng lehlin dan ṭha tak a nih thu a sawi. Hmasawn tur chuan rilru inhawng taka mi thiam zawk leh hre zawk thurawn ngaihthlak te, hre lo leh thiam lo nih ngam te a tangkaiin hle.

            Chhiartute zawng zawng duhsakna ka hlan a che u. Ka lawm e.

Sawiho Tur:

1.      Lehkhabu lehlin dan kalhmang ṭha zawk nia i hriat han sawi teh.

2.      Tuna kan lehkhabu lehlinte hian eng tiang chenin nge thu leh hla lamah min tihhausak?

3.      Lehkhabu lehlin chungchanga kan dinhmun hi eng nge nia i hriat?

Suggested Readings:

1.      Rev. Dr Zairema, Thukhawchang Mi Pêkte Hi, Zorun Community Zarkawt, Aizawl. 2009.

2.      Laldailova J.F, Bible Thlirna, Gilzom Offset, A/17, Electric Veng, Aizawl, 2003.

3.      Mizo Literature and Language Teachers Academy, Mizo |awng Zir Zauna Bu Thar,

MILLTA Publication, 2012

4.      Sangkhuma, Rev. ZT, Mizo |awng Grammar, Swapna Printing Works (p) Ltd. Kolkata, 2009.

5.      Murthy, Jayanthi Dakshina, Contemporary English Grammar, Book Palace, E-391, Ramesh Nagar, New Delhi. 1999.

Articles:

6.      Some Principles of “Common-Language” Translation –  William L.Wonderly

7.      Against the Theory of ‘Dynamic Equivalence’ – Michael Marlowe

8.      Translation Theory – T.David Gordon

9.      Translating the Gospel-Rev, Dr E.V.Rieu & Rev.JB.Phillips

10.  Translating Techniques – Gabriel Brosco

11.  Mother Tongue Translators – H.Joseph Lalfakmawia

Note: Hei hi August 28, 2013-a Mizo Conference of Seventh day Adventist huaihawt Literature and Language Seminar-ah ka present a ni.

Thu Belh: J.F.Laldailova Kha

J.F. Laldailova hming hre lovin Mizo a nih theih loh kan han tihluai mai dawn emaw ni chu le! JF-a kha mi danglam a ni. Amah ang kha khawvelah an awm lo va, an rawn piang leh tawh lo vang. Amah anga thiam kha rawn piang leh pawh ni se J.F.Laldailova, Aizawl Tlangnuam veng an rawn ni tawh kher dawn si lo va.

Kan naupan laiin JF-a thawnthu lehlin kha kan chhiar ṭhin a. Mi aia a thiam bik em emna kan hre pha lo. Tun hnu-ah erawh hi chuan a kutchhuakte ka han chik leh deuh a, a thiam zawng a lo thiam ngiang mai e.

Lehkhabu letlingtute zingah JF-a kutchhuak danglamna thenkhat, keimaha lang ve tlatte chu:

Pakhatna-ah chuan a lehkhabu lehlinte kha kan chhiar zo chiah tihah pawh a thu hre sa vek chungin kan chhiar nawn peih zel kha a ni. Robin Hood-a thawnthu pawh kha a thu hre sa vek chungin kan chhiar nawn kan chhiar nawn peih. Romeo and Juliet te, Hamlet te, Robin Hood te, Thelma te kha kan chhiar zo chauh a, kan chhiar nawn leh peih, kan bye-heart lo chauh zu nia!

Pahnihna-ah chuan puitlingin ngaihnawm an ti a, naupang pawhin kan chhiar peih em em zel tho kha a ni. Lehkhabu ṭhenkhat chu naupang tan chauh a ngaihnawm a, ṭhenkhat chu puitling tan chauh a ngaihnawm thung. JF-a kutchhuakte erawh chu puitling leh naupangin ngaihnawm kan ti ve ve viau zel.

Pathumna-ah chuan a changtute nih ve chakawm hliah hliahin a siam thiam. Robin Hood-a lem kan chang fo. Hamlet-a ang nih kan châk, Juliet-i anga min hmangaihtu leh hmangaih tur kan zawng ruai zel.

Shakespear-a drama JF-a lehlin leh midang lehlin hi han khaikhin teh. Tu lehlinin nge i thinlung khawih a, i chhiar chhuah nawn fo peih zawk? ΔΔ