MONGOL LAL NUNRAWNGIN PERSIA A RUN THU

         

     Mongol lal ropui Genghis Khan-a chu kum 1162 khan Mongolia rama Khentii tlangramah a lo piang a. Kum 1227 August 18-ah kum 65 mi niin a thi. A pian kum hi hriat chian a ni chiah lo naa 1162 hi awm bera ngaih a ni.

Genghis Khan-a chanchin chu sawi tur tam tak a awm naa tun tumah chuan Asia chhim thlang lam a run dan chauh kan sawi dawn a ni.

     Kum zabi 13-na tirah chuan tuna Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Turkey, Pakistan te huam vekin Muslim lal Shah ad-Din Muhammad-a lalram zau tak mai Khwarezmian an tih chu a awm a. A khaw lian deuh deuhte chu Gurganj te, Samarkand e, Ghazna te leh Tabriz te an ni.

     Genghis Khan-a chuan a ramri thlang lama ram zau tak awm chu hman tangkai dan ngaihtuahin thiana siam a tum a. Khwarezmian Empire chunga roreltu Ala ad-Din Muhammad-a chu lehkha thawnin, “Kei hi ni chhuahna lama roreltu ka ni a. Nangin Ni tlakna lamah ro i rel thung a. Tirawh, remna tluantling i siam ang,” a zu ti a ni. A tir chuan Ala ad-Din Muhammad-a pawhin a pawm mai a. Mahse an inremna chuan kum khat emaw chauh a daih a ni. A kum lehah Genghis Khan-a chuan mi zanga zet tir thlain sumdawnpuiah a zu sawm a.     Amarawhchu Genghis Khan-a mi tirhte chu anmahni lo dawngsawng hmasatu Otrar khaw governor Inalchuq-a chuan enthlatu-ah puhin a lo man ta phiarh mai a ni. Hei hi Ala ad-Din Muhammad-an tunhma deuh atanga Mongol-ho a lo rinhlelh rilruk hle thin vanga ti pawh a ni maithei.

     Genghis Khan-a chuan palai dang pathum, Muslim pakhat leh Mongol mi pahnih a tir leh a. A hmaa mi zanga an lo man tawhte kha chhuaht turin a zu ngen a ni ber. Mahse Ala ad-Din Muhammad-a chuan Mongol mi pahnih chu an khabe hmul a lo mehsak a, Muslim pa chu a lu a lo tansak bawk a. Genghis Khan-a ngaihdan chuan remna palaite chu mi pangngai tan kutthlak rual loh an ni. Ala ad-Din Muhammad-a thiltih dan chu Genghis Khan-a chuan inhmuhsitna tawpkhawkah a ngai a. Chuvangin a sipaite chu a khawm rup rup a, Khwarezmian lalram suasam tur chuan an chhuak ta mup mup mai a ni.

     Kum 1219-ah Mongol sipaiho chuan Tien Shan tlangram lawn chhuakin Khwarezmian lalram chu an rawn thleng a. Khawvel history-a dai tawh ngai lo tur indona rapthlak tak mai chu an ṭan ta mup mup mai a ni.

     Genghis Khan-a chuan Silk Road-a a enthlatu dahte report zulzuiin fimkhur takin rem a ruat a. A ralthuam pawh a hunlai na na na chuan han ter pha tur an awm lo a ni ber. China ram atanga kulh beih thiam specialist a rawihte chu a hmang tangkai thiam hle a. A sipai sakawr chung chuang mite pawh huaisen leh nunrawnna lama sawisel bo ṭhiau an ni. Kulh bang ṭhiahna khawl te, silai zen te, kulh bang den chhiatna sairawhkherh lian pui pui te, thal lian, fit 20 zeta sei kap thei te nen an ri thla ta mup mup mai a ni a. An lam ṭang lo tan chuan huphurhawm tak an ni. Heng a ralthuamte mai bakah hian enthlatu a nei ṭha em em mai a. Chu chu Genghis Khan-a finna tak pawh a ni. A do turte sipai chanchin leh an ram ei leh bar chungchang hre hmasa lovin mi a run mai mai ngai lo an ti.

Genghis Khan-a hian sipai engzat chiah nge a hruai hriat a harsa khawp mai a. Thenkhat sawi dan chuan 90,000 atanga 250,000 inkar an ni. Khwarezmian ram hmar lam Transoxania chu an hneh thla a, an hmuh hmuh an tuk thlu a ni ber mai. Thisen luang zeih zuih karah hma rawn sawn zelin a hmasa berah Khwarezmian sipai tak takte nen chuan an inkhuai nuai ta a. Hemi ṭum hian Genghis Khan-a sipai 25,000 atanga 30,000 vel chauh an inrawlh a. An rawn kalna lamah chau deuh tawh mah se chu indona-ah chuan Genghis Khan-a sipaite chuan hnehna an chang hram a ni.

     Hetih lai hian Khwarezmian lal chuan sipai 400,000 zet a nei a. Chung a sipaite chu khawpui hrang hrangah a dah hlawm a. Hmun khata sipai tam tak, hotu pakhat neia an awm kha a duh lo; an hel ang tih a hlau va, chuvang chuan a sipaite chu a dah darh a ni.

     Mongol-ho hmasawn zel chuan 1219 Favang laiin Otrar khawpui an rawn thleng ta a. Thla nga zet an hual hnu-ah an luhchhuah a. Genghis Khan-a chuan mi engemaw zat a that a. A thah bangte chu salah a hralh darh vek bawk. An governor Inalchuq-a pawhin nasa takin Mongol-ho chu a lo bei ve a. A tawp thlengin in chungah a ṭang a. Khaw chhunga Mongol sipai lo lut chu tile bungin a lo tawng ngat ngat peih a ni. Genghis Khan-a chuan Inalchuq-a chu a that a. Khawpui chu an tichhe nasa hle.

     Mongol sipai rual kal zel chuan Samarkand helin Burkhana lam an pan a. Chunglai thlaler chinchang hria Nomad hnam an mante chu an hruai a,  Kyzyl Kum thlaler kaltlangin Burkhana khawpui chu an hual ta thut mai a ni.

     Burkhana khua hi Turk sipaiten an general hovin an veng a. Mongol-ho chuan an hual ta mup mai a. Chuti mai chuan an luhchhuak thei bik lo. Ni thum an indo hnu-ah Turk general chuan kulh pawna Mongol sipaiho chu tawn tlang a tum ta a. Sipai 20,000 zet hruaiin a rawn bawh phei a. Mahse Mongol sipaiho chuan an lo that phiarh mai a ni. Kulh kawngka chu khawpui hruaitute thupekin an hawng a. Mongol sipaiho chuan khawpui chu an suam ta a ni. Tin, Turk sipai ṭhenkhat tlan chhuah tum ve loho chuan khawpui venna kulh sâng chu belin Mongol-ho chu an bei zui ta a. Ni 12 zet an inbeih hnu-ah Mongol-ho chuan an that fai ta vek a.

Mongol-ho chuan khawpui chu an suasam nasa ngei mai. Kangmei a chhuak a, a khaw pumin a kang fai vek lo chauh a ni. Genghis Khan-a chuan indonaa tel lo tlangvalte chu Mongol sipaiah a ṭan luihtir a. Mi 300,000 vel a suat a. A thah bangho chu salah a hralh darh vek bawk. An indo dawna a sipaite a chah, ‘ui leh zawhte nen lam thah vek tur,’ a tih ang khan che thei zawng zawng chu an that vek emaw tihtur khawpin a sawp chhe hneh a ni.

      Heti a mipui a sam vak hma hian khawpui chhunga Muslim mosque lian ber tualah chuan mipui chu a kalkhawmtir a. “Pathian hremna ka ni. In sual hremna hmanrua ka nih hi,” tiin a puang an ti.

Samarkand

     Burkhana a tihchhiat vek hnu-ah Genghis Khan-a sipaite chuan Khwarezmian khawpui Samarkand lam chu an rawn pan leh ta mup mup mai a. Samarkand hi chu Burkhana ai kha chuan an veng ulukin a kulhte pawh a rinawm zawk a. Tin, sipai 100,000 zetin an veng reng bawk si a. Tlu mai mai tura ngaih a ni lo.

Genghis Khan-a erawh chuan phur takin Samarkand khua chu March 1220-ah a rawn thleng a. Hetia a hual ṭan vel lai hian a fate pahnih Chaghatai leh Ögedei-a te chuan Otrar nuai chhiain an rawn zawm ve bawk a. Khawpui chhunga mite chu hlauvin an thaw dep dep mai a ni. Mongol-ho chuan an mi mante chu inphen nan hmangin chu khawpui chu an bei ṭhin a. Mahse chuti maia hneh chi an ni lo. Genghis Khan-a chuan a tactic thlakin a tlanchhe der ta a. Chu veleh khawpui chhunga sipai 50,000 zet chuan an rawn um ta a. Genghis Khan-a chuan chung sipai 50,000 zet chu phaizawlah a lo that fai phiarh a, khawpui bawk chu a bei leh ta a ni.

      Hetia a khawpui an hual khup reng mai hi Khwarezmian lal Muhammad-a pawhin chhanchhuah a rawn tum ṭhin a, mahse vawihnih lai Mongol sipaite chuan an lo dang kir si a, a hlawhchham ta a ni. Ni nga an hual hnu-ah sipai 2,000 chu an inpe a. Mahse an lal tana rinawm inpe ve duh loho chuan khawpui venna in sangah ṭan an khawh a, an inbei rei khawp mai. Khawpui an lak hnu hian Genghis Khan-a chuan lung in tangte chunga a thutiam kha a sut leh a, amah do zawnga ralthuam lek reng reng chu a that leh ta vek a. Chu bakah khawpui  mihring zawng zawng chu kulh pawn phaizawlah chuan a hruai chhuak a, a that phiarh bawk a. Mongol hnehna chhinchhiah nan a mi thahte lu chu pyramid angin chu phaizawlah chuan a tiang vum ther thur mai a ni.

     Samarkand a lak veleh Genghis Khan-a chuan a general pahnih Subutai leh Jebe chu Khwarezmian lal Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad-a zawng turin a tir chhuak nghal a. Shah chu a sipai rinawm engemaw zat leh a fapa Jalal al-Din hruaiin Caspian Sea lamah a tlanchhia a. A umtute pawhin an um pha ṭêp a ni. Caspian Sea-a lawng a chuang lai chu thalin an kap hman a, mahse kah phak a ni tawh lo. Caspian Sea thliarkar te reuh tê-ah a biru a. December 1222 khan a thi ta a ni. A thihchhan hi ṭhenkhat chu pneumonia niin an sawi a. Mi thiam tam tak chuan Genghis Khan-a laka a tlawm chu a rilru a na lutuk a, chu chu a thih pui zawk a ni an ti.

Urgench

       Hetihlai hian sumdawnna hmunpui Urgench chu Khwarezmian sipai kutah a la awm a. He khua hi Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad-a nuin a awp thin a. Caspian Sea lamah a fapa a tlanchhia tih a hriat veleh a tlanchhe ve nghal a. Mahse Mongol-ho chuan an man a, Mongolia ramah an thawn ta daih mai a ni. Shah-a general pakhat Khumar Tegin-a chuan Urgench khawpui thuneihna chu a la a. Indo turin an inpuahchah ta mup mup mai a ni.

     An indo ta. Genghis Khan, Ögedei leh Chaghatai chuan chhim lam atangin an bei a. Khwarezmian hmar lama ral run zo hlim Genghis Khan-a fapa Jochi-a chuan hmar lam atangin a rawn nawr phei bawk a. Urgench khawpui chu a hmaa khawpui an lo phin darh tawhte ang ngawt kha chuan a awlsam hauh lo. He khua hi Amu Darya lui kama awm a ni a. A awmna hmun hi dum hmun tih theih a ni a, chuvangin khawpui den chhiatna tur lung chang ṭha a vang a. Chu chu Mongol ralhrat mite harsatna pakhat chu a ni. Engpawhnise Mongol-ho chuan an bei ngat ngat a. A tawpah khawpui chhung chu lutin kawtthlerah leh kawmkarah Muslim sipaiho nen chuan an inpawm chilh ta mup mup mai a. Rei fê thisen lung zeih zuih kara an inkhuainuai hnu-ah Mongol-ho chuan khawpui chu an la fel ta a ni. Genghis Khan-a chuan  nula leh naupangte chu a sipaite sal atan a pe a. Persian mithiam Juvayni ziah danin  Genghis Khan-a chuan a sipai la dam 50,000 zet chu mi lu 24 theuh la turin thu a pe a. Chu thupek bawhzui chuan Mongol sipai thinur tawhsa chu an han che ta tak tak mai a. Sala an man bak zawng mihring maktaduaih khat leh nuaih hnih bawr vel an that a. Hei hi khawvel history kan hriat phaka ni hnihkhat thilthua inthahna rapthlak ber a ni.  

Gurjang

     Urgench a lak hnu hian Genghis Khan-a chuan Aral Sea (dil) chhim lam khawpui pakhat Gurjang lam chu a hawi leh ta a. A kal tawhna china khawngaihna a tlakchhamzia  hre tan chuan huphurhawm tak a ni. Gurjang khaw chawmtu lui tuikhuah chu a sah a. Chu chuan khawpui chu a chim pil a. Tuiliana dam chhuak zawng chu a that phiarh a. Chhim thlang lam khaw pakhat Khorosan rûn turin a inbuatsaih leh ta a ni.

Khorasan

     Urgench khua an beih dawn khan Genghis Khan-a chuan a fapa naupang ber Tolui chu Khwarezmid ram bial pakhat Khorasan-ah a tir a. Khorasan-ho hian Mongol sipai chakzia chu an lo tem tawh a. Indo tirh khan General pahnih Jebe leh Subutai chuan Shah tlanchhia an um zuina lamah he ram hi an paltlang tawh a. An lo la zalenzia leh an la hneh kim lohzia pawh an hmu chiang hle. Shah fapa Jalal al-Din chuan Mongol-ho do turin sipai a khawm mêk tih thuthang a darh nasa hle a. Chuvangin helai ram pawh hi hel thut thei an ni reng.

Tolui-a sipaite chu hnam hrang hrang an ni a. An vaiin singnga vel tura ngaih an ni a. Heng zinga a meizang hlaptu berte chu Mongol sipai 7,000 vel chauh an ni. A dang chu Chinese te, Turk te leh an ram hneh taka ṭhalai, sipaia an lak luihte an ni ber. An ralthuam pawh hi a hunlai chuan rapthlak tak a ni. Thal (arrow) lian kahna tur khawl 3,000 te, lungpui lian tak taka hmelmate denna tur kap chhuak thei sairawkherh lian 300 te, mei hlawm kahchhuahna tur mongonel (sairawkherh chi khat tho) 700 te, kulh lawnna tur leihlawn 4,000 te, kulh venna dil (moat) hnawh khahna tur leia hnawh puarsa sai ip 2,500 te kengin an thawk rup mai a ni.

      Tolui-a chuan harsa vak lovin Termez leh Balkh te chu a la mai a. A hmabak leh chiah chu Merv khua a ni. Merv hi khaw ralmuang tak leh thianghlim tak niin an sawi ṭhin. Hetih lai hian Mongol laka tlanchhia mi tam takin an pan avangin khawpui chu a tawt hle niin an sawi bawk. Sipai 12,000 chauhin an veng a. Mongol ral lian lo dang tur chuan an tlem deuh niin a lang. Tolui-a chuan ni ruk a hual a. A ni sarihna-ah chuan pawng lak tumin a sipai huaisente nen chuan an va bawh huk mai a. Mahse khawpui chhunga mite chu an lo duai bik hauh lo; Tolui-a leh a sipai rual rawn chim thla hum hum chu an lo thal ta hmiah hmiah mai le. Tolui-a tum ang chu a ni ta hauh lo. Ro dang rel tumin an hnung tawlh leh ta rih a. Khawpui chhunga mite chuan an rawn um zui a, mahse Tolui-a sipaite chuan an lo bawh huk a, khawpui lamah an um kir ve leh ta thung a ni.

Tolui-a chuan finrawl a chhuah a. An inpek phawt chuan an nunna zuahsak a ni ang tiin khawpuia mite chu a va thlem ta a. A tukah an khaw hruaitute duh danin Merv khawpui chu Mongol kutah chuan an inpe ta a ni. An inpe fel ta tih veleh Tolui-a chuan a thutiam kha bawhchhiain khawpui chhung chu a han suasam ta tak tak a. Hmeichhia e, mipa e, a dang lo, thaw thei tawh phawt chu a tihlum hmiah hmiah mai a. Urgench insamna ai mah khan mi thenkhat chuan a rapthlak zawkin an sawi.

          Merv khawpui a tihchhiat a, a mihring awm zawng zawng a thah fai leng hnu hian Tolui-a chuan Nishapur leh Herat khawpui a rûn leh a. Nishapur an beih tum hian Genghis Khan-a makpa Tokuchar-a chu indona-ah chuan a thi a. Chumi phuba lak nan chuan Tolui-a chuan Tokuchar-a nupui kaihhruainain khawpui chhunga nunna nei zawng zawng chu, an ran vulh chenin a that mang leh vek bawk. Herat khua erawh chu lo do buai tingtang lova an inpek nghal avangin eng tin mah a khawih lo. Hemi hnu hian an hmabak pakhat, Hindukush-a Bamian chu an hual leh ta a. An indo nasa ngang mai. Genghis Khan-a tupa pakhat pawhin a thih phah a ni. Chumi zawhah khawpui pahnih Toos leh Mashad an chhu chhe leh vek a. Kum 1221 nipui a lo thawt meuh chuan Khurasan bial chu Mongol kutah a awm vek hman a ni. Tolui-a chuan khawpui vengtu sipai engemaw zat a dah hnu-ah a pa Genghis Khan-a pui turin chhim lam a pan leh ta a.

      Khurasan an hneh hnu hian Shah-a sipaite chu an darh hneh hle. Jalal al-Din chuan Khwarezmid chhim lam, tuna Afghanistan bawr velah khuan a pa sipai tlan darhho chu a khawm leh a. Chu thawm chu hriain Genghis Khan-a chuan a tudawl tur mi a tir a. Kum 1221 nipui lai vekin Parwan khua-ah an intawng a, an inbei nasa hle.  A tawpah Jalal al-Din chuan Mongol-ho chu a hneh a, kal zel dan tur ngaihtuahin a sipai hotute a khawm a, an thu a rum khawp mai. Mongol-ho tlawm thu chu Genghis Khan-a chuan a lo hre ve a, a thinur nasa ta mai le. Amah ngeiin Jalal al-Din chu hmachhawn ṭhain a hria a, chhim lam chu a rawn pan ve ta ngat mai a ni.

       Hetih lai hian Genghis Khan-a hi a naupang tawh lo va, tu leh fate pawh a nei duah tawh a ni. A kum ngaihtuah chuan indona hmuna hmahruaitu tur pawh ni awm lo tak a ni a. Mahse pa nasa leh rorum, mihring thah leh thosi benhlum te chu inang renga ngai tur chi a nih avangin chawl mai mai thei a ni lo. Indus lui kamah Jalal al-Din nen chuan an va intawng ta ngei a. Ani meuh zawng an lo la khan lo deuh a ni ang; Jalal al-Din chu India ramah a tlanchhia a. Genghis Khan-a chuan a kirsan leh ta a ni.

      Khwarezmid dona-ah hian Genghis Khan-a hi hlawhtling hle mah se amah ang bawka indo mi huaisen a fate chu a aiawhtu nih inchuhin an innghirngho reng a. A ṭhen an hel titih a. Nuam pawhin an hnehna hi an lawm tlang thei lo. A fapa pali zinga pakhat Josi phei chu hmar lamah a sipai rual nen a kal bo va. A pa chuan a ko kir thei tawh lo. Genghis Khan-a chuan a ram lak chu a tu leh fate kutah dahin Mongolia ramah a kirsan ta a. A fapa pathumna Ögedei chu a aiawh tura a tih a ni. Kum 1227 August 18-ah kum 65 mi niin Genghis Khan-a chu a thi.

Lal ropui, Genghis Khan-a thihna chhan hi sawi dan a tam hle. Xia ram biala indona-ah thal thlawk vel a tawng palh a, a hliam tuar lovin a thi an ti a. A ṭhenin sakawr chung atangin a tla a, chu chu a thihpui niin an sawi bawk a. Dam loh vanga thi angin an sawi tho bawk. A thlan awmna pawh hi hriat a ni lo. Ama duh danin a thlanah chuan chhinchhiahna engmah an dah lo va. Chuvangin an a thlan awmna chu an inrinsiak vel mai mai tawh a ni. Bâwm ak thu-ah chuan a ruang phumtute kha haw kawngah an inthat vek a, chuvangin a thlan chu tuman an hre lo niin an sawi a. Ramhnuaiah an phum a, thing an phun hnan si a, hriat rual a ni lo ti an awm bawk. Lui luang lai mawngah an phum nia sawi a ni bawk.           Mi tam takin a thlan awmna hi hriat an chak a, a zawn te pawh an zawng ṭhin a ni awm e. Mahse a hnuhma reng reng hmuh tur a awm lo a ni.

A ram hi a zau hle. A thih hnu-ah amah ang bawka ralhrat a fate chuan a ram chu an zauh belh zel a. Khawchhak lamah Korea Peninsula te, Vietnam ram te huamin khawthlang lamah Mongolian Empire chu a hun lai chauh ni lo, a hnu zelah pawh tuipuiin a daidan loh ram inzawm veka lalram awm tawhah chuan a la zau ber a ni.

      Khwarezmid Empire tlu hian a hnu zelah pawh a bikin Europe khawchhak lam leh Muslim khawvelah nghawng a nei thui hle. Historian  Steven R. Ward-a ziah dan chuan Mongol-ho hian Iranian Plateau mihring hmun lia ṭhena hmun thum an tihlum a. Chu chu maktaduaih 10 atanga 15 inkar vel a ni thei. Historian ṭhenkhat phei chuan Mongol-hovin an run hmaa mihring awm zat kha kum zabi 20-na laihawl velah khan an thleng leh thei chauh a ni.

Khawvel pian hnua empire inzawm zau ber chu