Voltaire-a leh Bible Society

            Voltaire-a (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778) leh Bible Society chungchang kan sawi dawn a. Kan thupuia kan luh tak tak hmain kan thuziah a ngaihnawm zawk nân leh kan hriatna a zau lehzual theih nan amah Voltaire-a chanchin chu kan sawi hmasa ang.

Voltaire-a hi a hming diktak chu Francois-Marie Arouet a ni. Kum 1694 November 21 khân France ram khawpui Paris-ah a lo piang a, unau panga zinga a naupang ber a ni. An unau zinga pathum chauh hi an puitling. Kum 1778 May 30-ah a thi. A pian kumah hian an buai deuh a. Amah Voltaire-a chuan kum 1694 February 20-a piang niin a insawi reng thung. A nu leh pate hi  a hun lâia French mi changkang tak an ni ve a. Chuvang pawh chu a ni maithei, zirna lamah pawh a zahpuiawm lo hle. Jesuit-ho enkawl Collège Louis-le-Grand –ah a zir (1704–1711) chhuak a. A college kalna atṭang hian Latin ṭawng leh Grik ṭawng a thiam a. Ama sawi dan erawh chuan college-ah chuan Latin ṭawng leh mâwl dan bâk a zir chhuak lo. A hnu lamah Italian, Spanish leh English te a thiam nal leh hle bawk. College a chhuahsan hnu hian kum hnih chu dan lam a zir leh a ni.

French mi ril, historian, philosopher a nih bâkah thufing nuihzatthlâk tak tak sawi thiam hmingthang a ni bawk. Vantlâng zalenna ngaisanga sual chhuah tum tlat mai, sakhaw zalenna te, mahni duhzawng zawng sawi thei tura zalenna te, sumdawnna lama zalenna te leh kohhran leh sawrkar thuneihna inlâk hrantir te hi a sawi mâwiin French miten chutiang zalenna chu an neih theih nan theih tâwp a chhuah a ni. Prolific Writer an tih ang chi, literature lam hawi tawh phawt ziak kim tak mai a ni a. Heng drama te, poetry te, novel te, essay te, history lam te, science lam te leh philosophy lam thlengin a ziak vek mai a ni. Kutchhuak pawh a ngah ngiang e. Lehkhabu leh lehkhabu thehlêp deuh 2,000 chuang a ziah bâkah lehkhathawn pawh 20,000 chuang zet a ziak a nih chu. A hun laia France ram inawp dan khirh lutuk mai te, sakhaw kal sual dan te leh thil ho tê têa inhrem vak vak te chu a hnê takzet a. A ti-el zawnga mi han sawisel dan thiam tak (satirical polemicist) a nih avangin a thiamna chu a hun lâia France sawrkar kalphung sawisel nan a hmang nasa hle a ni.

Kum 17 a nihin zirna lam chu a chawl a. Thian siam thiam a nih avangin Paris milianho zinga a tlangtla thuai a. Fiamthu thiam a nih avangin a awmna vengah chuan mi lawm a hlawh hle bawk. Zirna a chawlhsan tirh hian Voltaire-a chuan ziakmi nih a tum hle a. A pa erawh chuan notary ni turin a duh thung. A pa thu chu a hnial ngam chiah loh avangin Paris-ah chuan notary thachhang dawltu angin hna a thawk a. A hun tam zâwk erawh chu poetry phuah nân a hmang thung. A thil tihdan chu a pa chuan a hre chhuak leh si a. Normandy biala Caen-ah dan zir turin a thawn ta a. Chutah pawh chuan a va zir ṭha lutuk hman awm lo ve; essay leh thildang eng eng emawni a ziak tam hman tlat. Fiamthu a thiam a vangin Normandy milianho zingah pawh chuan a va lar leh ta viau mai a ni.

Voltaire-a pa chuan Netherlands rama French ambassador secretary hna a hmuhsak leh a. Heta a awm lâi hian Voltaire-a chuan French protestant raltlan Catherine Olympe Dunoyer-i a ngaizawng a. A tlan te pawh an han tlan dun ve zak zak a ni awm e. Mahse a pa’n a rem ti thei ngang si lo va, France ramah bawk tihluhnain a ko kir leh ta a ni.

Voltaire-a hun hmasa lam chu Paris leh a chhehvelah a kual vel a ni deuh ber mai. Sawrkar sawiselna ṭawngkam hnih khat a han chhak chhuah leh sakhaw dang ngaih theih lohna a sawiselte chu sawrkar lamin an haw riau zel mai a. Lung in a tân phah loh leh a tlanchhiat phah zak zak bawk. Mi ti-el zawnga a thu phuah Regent avangin lung in hmingthang Bastille-ah thla sawm leh pakhat a tâng a. Lung ina a tân lai hian drama pakhat Cedipe a ziak a. A lar phah khawp mai. Voltaire tih hi a hming lem a ni a. A lar vang a ni ngei ang; hming lem ringawt pawh 178 a nei. Voltaire tih hi mi hriat dan tlanglâwn ber leh lar ber a ni.

Great Britain Lamah

Kum 1725 khan Voltaire-a, (chutih lai chuan Arouet tiin an hre deuh ber), chuan ualau takin French mi ropui Chevalier de Rohan chu ennawm chhuahna hmunah hmusit takin a ṭawngkhum a. Chumi hnu lawk chuan Rohan-a leh a thuhruaite chuan Voltaire-a chu thingpui dawra a awm laiin an rawn hnukchhuak a, gate bulah an sawisa ta hrep mai a. Hei hi a ṭhiante chuan amah Voltaire-a sawisak (fiamthu) nan an hmang ta fo mai niawm tak a ni. Voltaire-a tlâwmngai chuan Rohan-a chu inmal beihah a cho va, a that ta mai a. Rohan-a chhungte thinur chuan phuba lâk an tum a. An buai chho ta khawp mai. Chutih lâia France lalber Louis XV chuan mi ropuiten an duh loh zawng mi an hnawhchhuah emaw, lung ina an khung theihna emaw ni, lettre de cachet an tih chu Rohan-a chhungte hnenah chuan a signature nen meuh a pe a. He lehkha hmang hian Voltaire-a chu thiamthu sawina hun leh remchang pe miah lovin Bastille lung inah khung theih a ni. Voltaire-a tân chuan damchhung tân pawh thil hlauhawm a nih avangin lung in tân aiah ram danga tlanchhiat a dil a. Chu erawhchu an lo phalsak ve mial.

Kum 1726 atanga 1728, kum thum dawn lai England ram Maiden Lane, Covent Garden-ah chuan a cheng a. Tun thleng hian 10 Maiden Lane chu chhinchhiah a la ni. British rama an rorel dan leh an kalphung hrim hrim chuan a rilru a hneh hle a. France rama an dan siam dan leh kenkawh dan nen a khaikhinin France ram awm dan chu siam ṭhat ngai hlein a hre bawk. France ramah chuan an lalte chuan thuneihna an pumhmawm (absolute monarchy) a ni ber a. British Lalte erawh chuan dan zawm tur fel (constitutional monarchy) tak an nei a. Dan hnuaiah an lal a ni. Tin, British ramah chuan mimalin duh duh sawi thei tur leh an sakhaw duh ang ang zawm thei turin zalenna an nei a. Chung zalennate chu France ramah chuan awm ve se a ti a, a lungawi thei ngang lo a ni.

Voltaire-a chuan  Shakespear-a kha a tir lam chuan a ngaisang hle a. A thuziah dante chu France ziak mite chuan entawn se a ti bawk a. Mahse France rama Shakespear-a a han lar tak tak hnu erawh chuan amah luahlantu-ah a ngai deuh nge ni, a sawisel leh vak si a ni.

Paris-a a kir leh hnu rei vak lovah British miten sawrkar an thlir dan te, literature, sakhua leh subject hrang hrang dahkhawmna “Letter concerning the English Nation” tih chu a chhuah a (London 1733). A lehkha ziahah hian British sawrkar inrelbawl dan leh an khawtlang nun hrim hrim chu France ram inrelbawl dan leh khawtlang nun aia fel fai zawk leh ṭha zawk angin a sawi a. A thuziah hian buaina a chawk chhuak nasa hle; an halsak bakah amah pawh chu France ram aṭangin a tlanchhe leh ta hial a ni.

Château de Cirey

Voltaire-a chu Château Champagne leh Lorraine inrinaa in hlui pakhat Château de Cirey-ah a cheng a. He in hlui hi a pawisain a chei ṭha a, heta a awm lai hian Marquise du Châtelet, Gabrielle Émilie le Tonnelier de Breteuil-i (Émilie du Châtelet tia hriat lar kha) nen an inhmelhriat ta a. Hei hi kum 1733 a ni a. Hetihlai hian Voltaire-a chu kum 39 mi a ni. He mite pahnih intawng hi an inmil viau ni maw? Voltaire-a phei chuan, “Ka thinlung ang pu mi ka chhar ta,” a ti hial a. He a tawn thar di hi pawmlai nei, kum 27 mi, fa pawh pathum lai nei tawh a ni. An awmna Cirey hi Marquise-i pasal Marquis Florent-Claude du Chatelet-a ta a ni nghe nghe a. Chu inah chuan a nupui leh a nupui bialpa Voltaire-a chu a rawn tlawh ve zauh zauh ṭhin. He mite pahnih hi kum 15 zet an inngaizawng a. A thawh pawh an thawk dun nasa khawp mai. Lehkhabu 21,000 zet an lakhawm a. Hei hi a hun lâi ngaihtuah chuan tam tak a ni. Science laboratory siam dunin science lamah experiment an tidun nasa hle bawk. A thil tum zinga pakhat chu mei siamtu (elements of fire) hi eng nge ni tih a ni.

Tunhma lama thuneitute nen an inbauh deuh fo mai kha simin Voltaire-a chuan thildang a buaipui ta zawk a. Drama lam hawiin Merope tihbu a chhuah a. Sir Isaak Newton-a ngaisangtu a nih angin Newton-a theory te chu a buaipui nasa bawk. Chung hun lai vela Newton-a hnial kalhtu lar Gottfried Leibniz-a thurin leh zirtirnate chuan a hneh ve viau tho naa  Voltaire-a leh Marquise-i chuan Newton-a thu leh hla chu an tuipui reng a ni. Marquise-i chuan Newton-an Latin ṭawnga a ziak Principia chu a bu pumin a letling a. Newton-a tihsual tlêm tlem a siam ṭha bawk a. He lehkhabu a lehlin hi kum zabi 20-na thleng khan a la lar a ni. Voltaire-a chuan Newton-a ngaihdan sawi zauna (ti mai teh ang) lehkhabu Eléments de la philosophie de Newton (Elements of Newton's Philosophy) a ziak a. Hei hi Marquise-i nena an ziah dun nia rin a ni nghe nghe. Hei hian  Newton-a chu mipui nawlpui zingah a tilar lehzual a ni.

Voltaire-a leh Marquise-i te hian history lam pawh an zir nasa hle. A bikin mi ropui chanchin an zir nasa. Voltaire-a chuan English-a a lehkhabu ziah pahnihna Essay upon the Civil Wars in France tih a chhuah leh a. Chumi zawhah France ṭawngin La Henriade, French lal Henry IV-na chanchin (epic poem) a chhuah leh bawk. He peom-ah hian lalber Henry IV-na chu Catholic leh Protestant insam vak vak ṭhin tihtawp a tum chungchangah Voltaire-a hian a fak nasa khawp mai. Heng a thuchhuahte leh a hnua a ziah Letters on England  tihte hi ual-au taka a hun laia sakhaw indin nghet tawhten midang an ngaithei lo a sawisel ṭanna chu a ni.

Voltaire-a leh Marquise-i chuan philosophy pawh an ching let nasa hle. A bikin philosophy pêng pakhat metaphysics, mihring nihna leh mihringin a taka thil kan hmuh theih leh khawih theih piah lamah hian eng nge awm a, Pathian kan tih leh thlarau kan tihte hi a awm tak tak em tih ang chi zirna lam an thlur nasa hle. Tin, an hun lai atana Bible ṭangkaina tur zawngin Bible an zir vak bawk. Sakhua a thlir dan leh a hmuh dan chu England a awm hnua a ngaihdan thar, kohhran leh sawrkar thuneihna hi a hrang hlakin an awm tur a ni tih leh sakhaw zalenna a awm tur a ni tih hian a tilang chiang hle a ni.

Voltaire-a chuan Marquise-i chu ngaiin thlahlel hle mah se an awmna chu fianrial lutukin a hre tlat mai a. Chuvangin 1744 khân Paris-ah a kal a, chutah chuan ngaihzawng thar, ama unau fa Marie Louise Mignot-i a va chhar ta a. A tir chuan tisa init tawnna mai mai niin a lang a. Mahse an han cheng dun chu an lo inngeih phian a ni ang chu, Voltaire-a thih thlengin an awm dun ta a ni. A bialnu hlui Marquise-i pawhin ngaihzawng thar de Saint-Lambert a nei ve nghal mai bawk.

Sanssouci

Kum 1749 September thla-ah Marquise-i chu raichehin a thi a. Voltaire-a chu Paris-ah a va kal zawk a. Kum 1750 khan Berlin bul Potsdam-ah amah ngaisangtu leh a ṭhian, Austria lal Frederick the Great-a bula awm turin a kal leh a. Lalber chuan Voltaire-a chu lal ina lêng turin a sawm fo va. Lawmmanah kum tin franc 20,000 a pe ziah bawk a. Khawsa nuam tak a ni. Amarawhchu kum 1752 khân science fiction pakhat Micromegas tih bu a ziak a. Chu lehkhabu-ah chuan khawvel dang atanga ambassador rawn kalte chuan mihringte âtna chu an rawn hmu ve angin a ziak a. Hei hian Frederick the Great-a nena an inlaichinna a tichhe nasa a. Harsatna dang a tawh phah leh ta a ni.

Voltaire-a chu Berlin Academy of Science-a an president Maupertuis-a nen an inkalh leh ta fek fek mai a. Hei vang hian Diatribe du docteur Akakia (Diatribe of Doctor Akakia) tih chu a ziak leh a. He lehkhabu-ah hian hla chhammi hmangin Maupertuis-a zirtirna (theory) leh Maupertuis-an a thuneihna a hman sual dan chu tiel deuh tak hian a chham chhuak a ni awm e (kei chuan ka zu hre pha hauh lo mai-lcm). Hei hian Frederick-a thin a tiur nasa mai a. Voltaire-a lehkhabu chu a khawmtir a, a hal vek bawk a. Chu chu duh tâwk mai lovin Voltaire-a haw tur chu a thlenna khualbuka a awm laiin a mantir hial a ni.

Geneva leh Ferney

Voltaire-a chu Frederick-a nen an tualthu a lo chhiat tâkah chuan Paris lamah a kir leh a. Mahse Louis XV chuan Paris-a a luh chu a lo remti awzawng lo mai a. Chuvangin Geneva lamah a kal ta zawk a. Geneva khaw daiah chuan in lian zet mai a lei a. A tir chuan engmah harsatna a nei lo. Geneva khua chuan a lehkhabu The Maid of Orleans  tih bu chu chhuah an phalsak loh bâkah ennawm chhuahna hmuna chantir pawh an lo phalsak bik lo va. A lungawi lo chuan Geneva chhuahsanin France rama Ferney-ah a tlanchhia (a ni ber ang chu) a. Chu khua-ah chuan Geneva khawdaia a in aia lian in dang a va lei leh a. Helai hmun a thlanna chhan hi sawi dan pakhatah chuan ramri a hnaih a. Tlanchhiat a ṭul thut pawhin Switzerland ramah a tlanchhe thuai thei dawn a. Chuvanga Ferney hi thlang a ni an ti. He khua-ah hian a awm rei bawka a khawpui lûn lâi takah chuan Voltaire-a lim lianpui an din nghe nghe.  

Ferney khaw te reuh tê-ah hian kum sawmhnih a khawsa a. Geneva-ah chuan Calvin-a zirtirna zuitu an nih avangin ennawm chhuahna lam reng reng khap a ni a. Mahse an khaw dâi France ram chin chiaha thingtlang khaw te reuh tê Ferney-ah chuan an khap ve si lova, Geneva khaw milianho chu Voltaire-a lemchan thawnthu ennawm en turin a khaw tê zâwk Ferney-ah chuan an kal dul dul ṭhin a. Chu chu zalenna ngaisang Voltaire-a tan chuan a tihchi viau ang. Ferney-ah hian sana siamna te, bêl vuakna te a din a. A thih thlengin a awm ta a ni.

Kum 1759 khân lehkhabu pakhat Candide, ou l'Optimisme (Candide, or Optimism) a chhuah leh a. Hei hi a kutchhuakah chuan a ṭha ber pawl, mi ngaihsan a hlawh lehzualna pawh a ni. Ferney khuaa a awm lai hian mikhual pawh a nei hrawl viau awm e. A mikhual lar deuh deuhte James Boswell, Adam Smith, Giacomo Casanova, Edward Gibbon te an ni nawk mai. Kum 1764 khân philosophy lam hawi lehkhabu, kristian history leh thurin bihchianna Dictionnaire Philosophique a chhuah leh a.  Hei pawh hi lehkhabu ropui tak a ni e an tia lawm; kan zu hre pha ve si lo.

Kum 1762 atangin dik lo taka sakhaw thil avanga intihduhdahna chu a takin a do ṭan ta a. Chung zinga lar ber leh sawi zui hlawh ber chu Jean Calas-a chungchang kha a ni. Jean Calas-a chu Huguenot sumdawng a ni a. Kum 1763 khan sawisak hlum a ni. An sawisak hlum nachhan chu a fapa Catholic kohhrana inpêk tum a thah vang niin an sawi. A in leh lo an chhuhsak vek bâkah a fate pawh a thihsan a nupui hnen aṭangin an la hrang a, tihluihnain monastery-ah an dah a. Hei hi Voltaire-a chuan sakhaw zalenna dan kalh a ni tiin nasa takin a bei a. Kum 1765-ah an rorelna chu a sûttir thei ta hram a ni.  

A Thih Dan

Kum 1778 February thla-ah kum sawmhnih chhûnga a vawikhatna atan Voltaire-a chu Paris-ah a drama ziak Irene, an chansak hawnna inkhawma tel turin a kal a. Kum 83 zeta upa a nih tawh avangin ni nga zet a han kal chu a chau ngang mai a. February 28-ah phei chuan thi ngei turah a inngaih avangin, “Pathian chawimawi a, ka ṭhiante hmangaih a, ka hmelmate haw lo leh puithuna haw em em chungin ka thi dâwn ta,” tih thu hi a ziak hman a. Mahse a dam chhuak leh a. March thlaa Irene tih an chang lai pawh chu a hmu ve nghe nghe a. A entute chuan Voltaire-a chu pasaltha rawn haw leh ang hialin an lo chawimawi a ni.  

Chumi kum May 30, 1778-ah chuan tar chak lo, mi hmingthang Voltaire-a chu hrisel lo reng renga a dam hnu-ah a thi ve ta a. Mi ropui tihtakah a thih dawn lai vela thil thleng pawh hi inhnialna tham a tling leh der mai. Sawi dan chi hrang hrang lah a tam; thudik hriat a har hle. A hmelma ṭhenkhat chuan Catholic puithiamin a ṭawngṭaina chhangin a inchhir hle angin an sawi a. A nih loh leh hrehawm taka thi angten an sawi bawk. |henkhat chuan a thih thlenga luhlul chhuah hle angin an sawi. An sawi dan pakhatah chuan, “Tun hi hmêlma thar siamna hun a ni tawh lo ve,” tih hi a thu hnuhnung chu a ni an ti. Hei hi amah dawmhlumtu puithiamin Setana sawichhe tura a tih a chhanna niin an sawi.  

Kohhran a beih nasat avang leh a thih thlenga a sim duh loh avangin Voltaire-a chu kristian dan anga phûm an phal ta lo va. Mahse a ṭhian ṭhate chuan thuneituten an khap hmain a ruk tein Champagne-a Abbey of Scellieres-ah an phûm ta a ni. A lung leh a thluak chu la chhuakin a hrana vawn ṭhat a ni bawk.

Kum 1791 July 11 (French Revolution chhuah hnu) khân National Assembly of France chuan French Revolution bul ṭantu nia ngaiin Voltaire-a ruhro chu ropui taka Pantheon-a dah ṭhat turin Paris-a lâkluh an rêl a. Paris-a a ruhro an han la lut chu mihring maktaduaih khat vel zetin an zui a. Mihring intlar thuizia chu Paris khaw tantlang khawp hial niin an sawi. Chumi ni atan bika an hla phuah chu sain rimawi chi tin reng nen mi ropui Voltaire-a ruhro chu an chawimawi a ni.

Thu thang mak tak tak a awm zui reng bawk. Sakhaw âtchilh pawlin kum 1814 emaw 1821 emaw khan Voltaire-a ruhro chu an phawrh a, hnawm paihna-ah an paih tih thu a thang leh ta chiam mai a. Chu thuthang chu a lar em avangin kum 1897 khan Voltaire-a thlan chu an hai leh ta hial a. Thil bo a awm âwm hriat a ni lo.

Voltaire-a, ni khata darkar 24 chauh nei ve thovin heti tak maia hnuhma a ngah leh hnutchhiah a ngah hi a mak khawp mai. Hetiang mihring hi an piang zen zen lo khawp mai. Essay, poetry, history, science, sakhaw lam, philosophy, a kawp vel vek a ni ber mai. Lehkhabu leh pamphlet 2,000 chuang ziak tura beih a ngaih nasat turzia te, lehkhathawn 20,000 chuang ziak tura hun hman thiam a tulzia te ngaihtuah hian Voltaire-a hi mi ropui tih loh rual a ni lo.

Voltaire-a khan a hun laia Catholic kohhran leh protestant kohhran inbeih dan te, sakhuana avanga mi rilru a fim lohzia te, sakhaw zalenna a awm loh dan te a hmuhin a sawisel nasa a. Chuvangin a hun lâia kohhran mite chuan an duh lo hle a, a sawi pawh an sawichhe nasa viau awm e. A diriam theih dan chi tin rengin an diriam a ni ber. Mahse amah kha pa rilru nghet, huaisen tak, dik nia a hriat chu huaisen taka sawisel ngam a ni a. Kohhranho lakah khan a diau duh bik miah lo. Mi ṭhenkhat phei chuan Pathian awm ring lo mi ni hialin an sawi a. Chu pawh chu a dik chiah lo. “Pathian hi a awm lo a nih chuan a siam tala siam chawp tur a ni,” tiin Pathian a awm ngei a rinzia a sawichhuak zawk a ni.

Tin, Bible hi nakin lawkah tuman chhiar peih tawh lo va, chul mai tur anga a sawi niin puh a ni bawk a. Hei pawh hi a hun laia kohhran hruaitu duham pui puiin amah an puh hming chhiat duhna vang a ni maithei.

Bible Society leh Voltaire-a Chu

Voltaire-a khan a hun laia Catholic kohhranin French mite a tihretheihzia leh kristianna kâwr hmanga thuneihna a inpek nasatziate a hmuhin a sawisel nasa hle a. Sakhua hrim hrim hi a do ta viau emaw tihturin Muslim zawlnei Mohammed-a pawh a sawisel nasa khawp mai.

Sakhaw chungchanga a ngaihdan danglam tak avang khân tun thleng hian Voltaire-a chu kristian sakhaw zingah chuan a la tuitla vak lo. An sawichhiatna pakhat chu kristianna leh Bible sawichhetu a ni a, mahse a in chu Bible Society-in an luahsak leh si tih hi a ni. Internet-ah leh thusawi (sermon)-ah he thu hi kan hre fo ṭhin awm e. Mahse ngun taka chhuttu, tunlai ṭawng taka research beituten an an chhui chiang tak taka he thu hi belhchian dawl tak chu a lo ni lo.

Voltaire-a kha France ram aṭangin England-ah a tlanchhia a. Kum thum dawn lai a awm hnu-ah Paris-ah a kir leh a. Chumi hnu-ah Château de Cirey, ama in pawh ni lovah kum 15 a awm leh a. Geneva-ah kum hnih emaw chauh a awm bawk a. A in leh lo tia sawi tak tak theih chu Ferney khua ami chauh hi a ni. Tin, Ferney khua hi tunah chuan Voltaire-a hming chawiin Ferney-Voltaire tih a ni ta. Mi ṭhenkhatin Paris, Geneva, Ferney –ah te in nei ang an sawi bâkah ṭhenkhat phei chuan Germany leh Austria lam thleng thlenga in nei niin sawi a. Mahse a dik lo. Ferney hi a in leh lo neih nghehna ber chu a ni.

Voltaire-a in hmingthang ber, a chen reina ber leh a thih thlenga a chenna (Paris khawpuia thi chu a ni naa), Ferney khuaa awm chu Geneva Bible Society-in an lei a, Bible chhutna hmunpui a lo ni ta tih thuthang hi a ri ring viau mai a. British Bible Society ni zâwka sawi te pawh a awm. Mahse heng hi thu belhchian dawl lo a ni. Tunah hian Voltaire-a in chu French Ministry of Culture-in an luah a. Midangin an luah ve ṭhin awm thawm hriat a ni ngai lo. Tin, Bible Society-in an luah huna an sawi pawh hi a inang lo hle bawk; a thih hnu kum 20 aṭanga kum za inkar an sawi deuh ber.

Bible Society-in Voltaire-a in an luah leh luah loh hi inhnialna titamtu a nih ve avangin Open Society-a an hotupa David Ross-a chuan uluk takin a chhui ta a. A chhui dan chu Open Society chanchinbu  The Open Society Volume 77 No.1 Autumn, 2004-ah a chhuah a. Hetiang hi a chhui chhuah dan chu a ni:  

Kristiante zingah hian thuthang lar tak mai, ‘Voltaire (1694-1778) khan vawikhat chu Bible hi miin an la theihnghilh thuai ang tiin a hrilhlawk a. Mahse he thu a sawina in chu a thih hnu lawkah Bible chhua sem darhtu Bible Society hmunpui a lo ni ta zawk a,’ tih thu hi a lar hle.

He thu belhchian dawl lo tak mai hi lehkhabu tam tak leh internet website tam takah (1) inkalh deuh deuhin sawi chhuah a ni fo mai. Chu in chu Geneva a awm nia sawi a ni a (2), a châng leh Paris (3) niin an sawi a. Germany leh Austria nia sawi an awm bawk.

A luahtu Bible Society pawh hi ṭhenkhatin British and Foreign Bible Society nia an sawi laiin midangin Geneva Bible Society niin an lo sawi bawk a. Tin, Bible Society-in an luah huna an sawi pawh hi a inang lo hle bawk; a thih hnu kum 20 atanga kum za inkar an sawi deuh ber.

A sawi uar deuh leh sawichhe nasa deuhte phei chuan Voltaire-a kha Pathian awm ringlo niin an sawi a, mahse a tak takah chuan Pathian awm ringtu a ni bawk.

Voltaire-an thiam a chang?

He thuthang sawitu tam ber hian an thu hnar an sawi ngai lo. He article ziak tura nasa taka ka zir hnu-ah pawh an thu hnar awm reng reng hi ka hmuchhuak thei lo a ni!

France, UK leh Switzerland rama Bible Society hotute chu Bible Society-in Voltaire-a in an luah leh luah loh chungchang chu ka zâwt kual hlawm a. Hetiang hian min lo chhang:

Pierre Barreto, Communications Officer of the Alliance Biblique Francaise chuan, “He thuthang dik lo tak mai hi eng tik lai emawni khan US-ah a thang chiam mai a, mahse a dik miah lo. Voltaire-a lo khawsak tawh ṭhinna in pakhatmah kha tunah hian Bible Society hian a luah lo va, a luah ngai hek lo. France ram leh Switzerland rama Bible Society tana lehkha chhu ṭhin company engmahin an luah ngai reng reng lo.”

Dolly Clottu, Secretariat of the Societe Biblique Suisse pawhin tihian a chhâng: “He thuthang chungchangah hian keini chuan engmah hmuh leh hriat kan nei lo va. Laussane bul vela cheng General Secretary hlui pawh ka zâwt a. Hetiang thu hi a hriat ngai loh thu chiang takin a sawi.”

Rosemary Matthew, UK Bible Society-a an Librarian chuan tihian a sawi: “Voltaire-a in chungchang hi an sawi chhuak teh fo va. Kan document neih atang chuan he thuthang (Bible Society-in Voltaire-a in an luah ṭhin) hi a dik lo.”

Mi hriat hlawh vak lo he document, UK Bible Society-in an kawl zingah chuan American Bible Society-a an librarian Margaret T.Hills (1898-1972) leh Voltaire-a chanchin chhui chianga lehkhabu chhuahtu Theodore Besterman (1904-1976), director, Institute de Musee Voltaire, Geneva te lehkha inthawnte an tel a. Voltaire-a in Bible Society-in an luah leh luah loh chungchanga Hills-i zawhna chu tiang hian Besterman-a chuan a chhang: “Voltaire-a in leh Bible Society hian tunhma atangin inzawmna a nei ngai lo. Hei hian Voltaire-a in zawng zawng, France ami emaw, Geneva ami emaw, Germany amite emaw pawh a huam vek.” (4)

Hills-i chuan tihian beisei nei takin a sawi: “Tuna American Bible Society amite hi chu tumah hi he thawnthu phuahchawp thehdarhna lamah hian kan inhnamhnawih lo.”

He thuthang chungchanga report pakhatah chuan tihian a inziak: “He thuthang lo chhuahna chhan niawm hnai ber chu Paris khawpuia British and Foreign Bible Society lehkhabu dahna in pakhat tunhmaa thilsual tenau tiho tanna lung in awmna a ni a. He lung inah hian Voltaire-a kha a lo tang ve tawh pawh a ni thei a, a tang miah lo pawh a ni thei. A chenna in dang reng reng chu eng Bible Society mahin an luah lo.” (5)

Hetiang taka chianga miin an sawi theih lai hian engtianga kha thuthang kha lo irh chhuak thei nge a nih? Hei hi zawhna awm tak pawh a ni. Bible Society-in Voltaire-a in an luah thu sawi hmasatu chu (a hmasa ber chu a tihngam chiah loh) Sydney Collett-a lehkhabu The Scripture of Truth, kum 1905-a UK-a an chhut kha a ni. He lehkhabua a inziah zan chu:

“French milar, Pathian awm ring lo Voltaire-a khan vawikhat chu ‘Kum za chhungin kristian sakhua hi hmanlai (history) a chang hman ang’ a ti a. Mahse eng nge lo thleng ta? A thih hnu kum 25 lekah The British and Foreign Bible Society din a ni a. Pathian awm rin lohna thu a chhutna a printing press te chu Pathian Thu chhut nan hman a lo ni ta zawk a, a lo chen tawhna ṭhin in ngei pawh chu Geneva Bible Society te lehkhabuin a lo khat ta zawk a ni.” (6)

The Scripture of Truth chu a hnu-ah All About the Bible tih hming puin USA-ah chhut nawn leh a ni a. A hnu-ah pawh vawi tam tak chhut nawn a ni. Collett-a hi Bible Society-in Voltaire-a in an luah tih sawi chhuak hmasatu a ni e chu kan ti thei hau lo va. Mahse a vawrh lartu pakhat chu a ni chiang mai. A thu hnar leh a lehkhabu rawn engmah a ziak lang lo naa a hnu lama mi refer tam ber chu a lehkhabu hi a ni lawi si. (7)

He Zeldin Thubawl Lo Chhuah Tanna Chu

A finfiahna hmuh theih awm chhun aṭanga a lan danin kum 1849-a American Bible Society kum tin report an hrilhfiah sual kha Bible Society-in Voltaire-a in hlui an luah tih thu lo irh chhuahna bul chu niin a lang. He report hnung lama a hrilhfiahna appendix-ah chuan ABS hotu pakhat William Snodgrass-a thusawi an tilang a. Chu chu hei hi a ni:

“…committee chuan an lo tiam tawh US Dollar 20,000 chu France ram, kum zabi sawmpakuana-ah chuan Bible hi thil hlui dahna-ah chauh hmuh a ni tawh ang tia lo sawilâwktu Voltaire-a ramah chuan a thawn thei dawn ta. Snodgrass-a hian he thu hi a sawi a ni mai thei. Hotel Gibon chu Bible Society chuan lehkhabu dah nan a hmang dawn ta a. He in enkawltu hi lehkhabu hralh dan lo chhinchhiahtu atan hman nghal a ni ang. He nuihsantu lar tak mai vei velna hmun ngei mai chu a lo nuihzat ṭhin lehkhabu theh darh nana pawl indin hlawhtling tak maite hnathawhna hmun a lo ni ta. (8)

A chunga mi khi uluk vak lova chhiar liam puat ṭhin tan chuan Voltaire-a in ngei mai chu Bible Society-in an luah tihna ni mai awm tak a ni e. Snodgrass-a sawi in tak zawk chu historian Edward Gibon-a (1737-1794) hming chawia an hotel siam, Hotel Gibon, Luisanne, Switzerland-a mi chu a ni.

A lan dan chuan mi ṭhenkhatin he thu, kum zabi 19-naa mi daih tawh hi an chhiar sual a, a sawi tum loh zawk Voltaire-a ina thil thlengah an puh ta mai niin a lang.

Hotel Gibon Chu Eng Hotel Nge?

He zeldin thubawl lo irh chhuahna Hotel Gibon chanchin hi sawi leh law law ila a ṭha awm e. He hotel hi kum 1839 khan Luisanne-ah sak a ni a. Hei hi Gibon-an The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire tih a ziah zawhna in La Grotte bul lawk a ni. He hotel hi British and Foreign Bible Society-in kum 1846-1858 inkar khan an luah a. BFBS hotu pakhat James Grayon-a sawi danin, “…Neuchatel, Bern, Zurich, Chur, St.Gall, Schafthausen, Luisanne-a Hotel Gibon-ah (Gibon-an kum 1787 June 27-a a history bu tlar hnuhnung ber a ziahna) te hian lehkhabu dawr siam a ni.” (10)

BFBS kum tin khawmpui report-a Grayon-a lehkhathawn an chhuahah chuan tihian a inziak nghe nghe:

“Khawvelah a nih em loh pawhin Europe-ah kher hi chuan thuziak thianghlim (Pathian Thu) sem darhna a nih avangin Hotel Gibon hi hotel daidang tak leh ropui ber a nih ka ring. He hotel hian Chanchin ṭha haw em emtu leh nasa taka tichingpentu hming a pu leh chu pa lo vahvelna leh lo khawsak tawhna hmun ngeia sak a ni hi a mak danglam hle lo maw? He hotel atang ngei hian Pathian Thu chu copy 4,000 zet hralh chhuah tawh a ni asin.” (11)

Gibon-a kha a lehkhabu ziah Decline and Fall (of the Roman Empire)-a kristian chanchin a chhuah mawi loh em avang khan kristian fir deuhho huat a hlawh khawp mai.

Hotel Gibon chu BFBS chuan kum 1858 khan an chhuahsan leh ta a. Kum 1859-a an Annual Report-ah chuan tihian an ziak:

“A enkawltu tharin tunhma thil thleng atanga a thlir a, hetia lehkhabu hralhtu nihna bansan mai ṭha ta zawka a hriat avanga rei tak kan lo hman tawh Luisanne-a Hotel Gibon chhuahsan a ngai ta mai hi committee chuan pawi a tihle a ni. He lehkhabu dawr hi kum 12 dawn lai a lo ding ta a. Khami chhung khan khualzin mite leh he hotel rawn tlawh ṭhinte hnenah lehkhabu copy 15,000 aia tlem lo hralh a ni hman bawk. He hotel atanga hla vak lo khawpui vêng pakhata lehkhabu dawr chu kan lehkhabu dah nana hmang turin ruamhmanna siam a ni.” (12)

Kan hriat reng tur chu kum zabi 18-naah khan hun hrang daihah Gibon-a leh Voltaire-a te chu Luisanne khua-ah hian an lo awm tawh ṭhin a. Mahse a tua mah mah hian Hotel Gibon awmna in hi chu an luah miah lo.

A Tlangkawmna

Hetiang a nih takah chuan Voltaire-a lo khawsak tawh ṭhinna chu hriat a châkawm ta riau mai. I han chhui dawn teh ang.

France ram, Switzerland nena an inrina bul lawk Ferney-Voltaire khuaa Voltaire-a in hlui, a thih dawn thlenga a awmna chu museum leh art center-ah hman a ni.

Geneva khawpuia a in hlui chu  Institut et Musee Voltaire-ten an luah.

Lausanne-ah khan in pahnihah a cheng ṭhin a. An ṭhiat ve ve tawh. (14)

Voltaire-a chu tuna Paris khuaa No.27 Quai de Voltaire an tih takah khuan a thi a. He in hi restaurant siam leh hmanlai thil zuartuten an luah.

Lausanne-a Gibon-a in, La Grotte chu dâk in (Central Post Offcie) panna a dal avangin kum 1896 khân vuak ṭhiah a ni daih tawh bawk.

Lausanne-a Hotel Gibon chu kum 1920 khan a tawp a. Tunah hian Societe du Banque Suisse-in an luah mek.

Lawmthu

He article-a Bible Society hotu kan han sawilan tâkte bâkah hian he article ziaktu hian heng mi, American Bible Society-a thawk Jacquilyn Sapiie te, Ferney-Voltaire-a awm Carl Freeman te, Archives de la Ville de Lausanne-a thawk Jean Jaques Egglars te, Institut et Musee Voltaire-a thawk Francoi Jacob te chungah lawmthu a sawi.

He article ziaktu David Ross-a hi New Zealand mi, Association of Rationalistand Humanist pawla an sum kawltu a nih bâkah Open Society chanchinbu editor a ni bawk.

Notes:

1.      “Kum za chuang kal ta khan Voltaire-a chuan Pathian a thi tawh a ti a. Mahse tunah chuan a in chu Bible Society-in an luah ta.” Letter to New Zealand Herald, 3^rd August, 2003 by Wyn Fountain of Kohimarama. Hei hi a dik lo. “Pathian a thi tawh,” titu chu Voltaire-a ni lovin Nietzsche zawk a ni.

2.      Ringlo mi Voltaire-a chuan Bible leh kristian sakhua hi hnawkhne-ah a la tang ang tiin a hrilhlawk a. Mahse a thih hnu kum 50 lekah a in leh a printing press chu Geneva Bible Society-in Bible chhut nan an hmang ta zawk si.” Norman Geylers and William Nix, A general Introduction to the Bible, (Chicago: Moody Press). 1968, p.124. Kum 1986-a an chhut nawn leh chuan Voltaire-a chungchang ziahna hi paih a ni.

3.      “Pathian awm ringlotu Voltaire-a, French  ngei hi alawm Paris-a lehkha a zirnaa, ‘Ngawpui anga chhah Pathian Lehkha Thute hi ka han luhchilh tak tak ang a, ka han thawlh vek ang a, tichuan kum za chhungin kristian sakhua hi hmanlai an chang mai ang,’ titu chu. Mahse he thu a ziahna pindan ngei hi a hnu lawkah British and Foreign Bible Society chuan a lei a, Bible hlirin a khat ta zawk a ni.” David John Donnan, Treasury of the Christian World, edited by A.Gordon Nasty (New York: Harper and  Brothers, 1953).

He thu hi Voltaire-a sawi a nih a rinawm chiah lo. Thomas Paine-a (1737-1809) lehkhabu Age of Reason tih bu ami: “Bible hi patling pakhat, hreipui pu chunga ram kal, a thing hmuh apiang kittu ang hian ka luh chilh a. An tlu ta phung mai, an theih chuan puithiamho hian phun leh rawh se. Leiah chuan an phun thei a ni mahna, mahse an thantir thei tawh ngai lo vang,” tih hi a ang hle.

4.      Margaret T.Hills-i article pakhat, UK Bible Society-in an kawl tâk, Voltaire Did Not Say It  tih hi chhuah a ni lo va, a ziah hun hriat a ni hek lo (1960 vel a ni maithei). Besterman hian Hotel Gibon a awm tih hi a hre lo a ni maithei. Tihian a la ṭawngvai tlat: “Chutiang hmun chu a awm lo; hei hi chiang takin hotel Gibon tih lehlin sual a ni a. A awmzia chu Gibon-a in tihna mai a ni.”

5.      Did Voltaire Say It?  Unpublished article dated 28^th March 1972, with apparent signature ‘M.B.’ held by UK Bible Society.

6.      Sydney Collett, The Scripture of Truth, London: S.W.Patridge & Co. Sixth Edition, 1910, p.63.

7.      Entirnan  Geisler and Nix, Op.cit.; Josh McDowell, Evidence That Demand a Verdict,(San Bernadino: Here’s Life Publishers, 1979, p.20). He thu ziaktu nena lehkha an inthawn tawn velna-ah Geisler leh McDowell te aiawh secretarial staff-te chuan heng thu (Voltaire-a leh Bible Society) sawitute hian Colett-a thusawi hi a fiahna an hmu thei lo tih an nemnghet.

8.      Annual Report of the American Bible Society, 1849, appendix, p. 98.

9.      Louis Polla, “Luisanne D’ Hier et D’ Aujaurd’hui,” 24 Heures, 2^nd August, 1994.

10.  William Canton, A History of the British and Foreign Bible Society, London: John Murray, 1904. Thenkhat chuan dik lo takin Gibon-a kha hotel awmna hmunah khan a cheng tak tak an ti a, a nih loh leh La Grotte chu a thih hnu-ah hotel atan siam a ni an ti bawk. He hotel hi Gibon-a thih hnu fe-ah sak a ni a. An sakna hi La Grotte hmun a ni lo bawk.

11.  Cited in Did Voltaire Say It? Op.Cit.,

12.  Ibid.

13.  Louis Polla, Rues de Lausanne, (Lausanne: 24 Heures), 1981.

14.  Ibid.

15.  Louis Polla, “Luisanne D’ Hier et D’ Aujaurd’hui,” Op.Cit.

Note: Hei hi Voltaire-a in hlui Bible Society-in an luah leh luah loh chungchanga thu kal dan chu a ni a. Keini ang duang tân chuan thudik hriat a harsa ṭhin hle mai. A khawi zawk nge kan awih dawn tih chu mahni thu thu a ni mai. Internet-ah lah chuan an luah titu an tam hle mai. A hun laia kohhran corrupt-zia leh bawlhhlawhzia kha keini ang chuan kan zu hre pha chiah lo va. A hre chiangtu Voltaire-a erawh chuan a do nasain a sawisel nasa hle. A hun laia kohhran kalphung ṭha lo lai sawisel ngam kha chu mahni lu zuar an ni ber a. Chuti chung chuan huaisen takin vantlâng nun ṭha lo lâi leh kohhran kal dik lohna lai bâkah ram kalphung ṭha lo lâi nia a hriatte chu a sawisel ngam a. Huat pawh a hlawh narawh. A diriam theih dan zawng zawngin kohhran chuan a diriam ni berin a lang a. Ama in ngei Bible Society-in an luah anga sawi pawh hi an diriamna kal zel ni maiah ka ngai. Mahse ngun taka chhui chuan an luah lo chu a ang deuh zawkin ka hria.

Voltaire-a hi a thih dawnah nasa taka hrehawm tuar leh mangang hle anga sawi a ni bawk a. Hei hi a dik maithei. Amarawhchu thih dawna hrehawm nasa tak tuar hi amah Voltaire-a chauh hi a ni lo. Pastor pakhat ka hmelhriat chu a thih dawnin natna râpthlâk tak mai a tuar a, a hria apiangin kan khawngaih a ni. Voltaire-a âi khan a tuar rei zâwk daih lehnghal. Tin, hmanlai phei chuan tunlai ang hian nachhawknate a la awm ṭha lova, thi khawp hiala mi an nat tawh chuan hrehawm an tuar nasa thei hle ang tih hai rual a ni lo.

Engpawhnise kan thupui chu Bible Society-in Voltaire-a in an luah leh luah loh kha a ni a. Kan chhuina khi amah Sudden Muanga phuahtu Lalsangzuala ṭawngkam takin “I awih loh leh e la,” tih a ni mai. Duh chuan awih, duh loh chuan awih loh. Kan zalênna a ni. Amah Voltaire-a anga huaisen nih kan duh chuan kan awih lo ngamin kan awih ngam tur a ni; Hui Ha….. LCM☺☺

-          May 2012

           

 Thu Belh: A Kar Awl Hnawh Khahna Mai Mai.

Thil Hi: A chang chuan mi thusawi nazawng, awihawm awm tak leh mipui nawlpuiin dik ngeia an ngaihte pawh hi han awih tha duh vak lo ila. Mahni ngei hian a dik leh dik loh te hi han zir chiang ve ila, kan thu hriat kha a lo dik a nih pawhin a tha em em a, a lo dik ta chiah lo va, kan hriat ang a lo nih loh pawhin pawm ngam tho bawk ila, beng chu a vâr deuh nge nge; thil kan hriat belh nasa bawk.

Mi thusawi awih mai hi a chang chuan a awlsam a, a nuam bawk. Mi thusawi zawng zawng kha an dik leh dik loh fiah sen a ni lo va, fiah vek tum tur pawh a ni lo. Fiah vek chi pawh a ni lo. Lalmuansanga Khiangte nge Zothanzuala Tlau te hi an tlangval laiin luck zawk tih zawhna te hi fiah tuma an chanchin hre chiangtute zawh kual zawh kual kher a ngai lo. Zakhuam Ralte leh Pahriata te hi tu nge nula chhaih hrât zawk tih te pawh a taka finfiah kher a ngai lo. An hrat ve ve tih kha pawm ila a tawk em em!

Pa-Chawia’n a nupui a ngam lutuk, ‘a nupui kohna nazawngah pawh a eih duh lo’ tih vanga mahni nupui te ngam lo tum ve ringawt te hi a trul ber chuang lo; keini chuan lo tum ve ringawt ila a rawn er let leh kan tuar zo lo emaw a ni ang a, kan inti-rethei mai mai a ni.

Ni e, thil hi fiah kher trul lem lo a awm a, han fiaha lo ngaihnawm phian te, kan ngaihdan hmasa paih thla daih te pawh a awm thei a. Chuvangin fiah ngai chu fiah ve a, fiah ngai kher lo chu thlir liam ve mai mai tur.

Thil hi han belh chiana kan lo ral hriat dan ang lo ni reng reng lo te pawh a tam thei khawp mai. Mi nih ang nih tum ve kher te, an tih theih ang tih theih ve kher tum te hi mualphona mai a ni thei. Zuala anga nula chhaih ve kher tum chu kan hah thlawn mai a ni. M-a ang hian nupui te hriat lohah chhas hlui te tihlawm ve tum phet ila keini chu kan mualpho thuai ang, kan talent a ni ve lo. Keini chu inah hian awm mual mual ila, nupui te tirhna apiangah kal ila, chu chu kan talent a ni a, kan pawm mai tur a ni. {Chawngkhum Dan Tlang Huat Loh}.