Mi Nunrawng Joseph Stalin

Josepg Stalin

            Khawvel ram zau ber USSR chunga roreltu Joseph Stalin-a kha a hming diktak chu Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili a ni deuh duah a. Lam thiam pawh a har khawp mai. A thiante chuan Georgia hmanlai thawnthua a changtupa Koba hming chawiin Koba tiin an ko thin. A hming lem Stalin tih hi Russia tawnga ‘steel’ (kapathir) tihna a ni. A hming lem hi a lar zawk avangin Russian revolution hnu-ah pawh a pu hlen ta a ni. Hei lo pawh hi inthup nan hming dang dawrzawn khat zet neiin an hria a, mahse chungte chu eng nge an nih hriat chhuah theih a ni tawh lo.

A Naupan Lai

            Joseph Stalin-a chu ni 18 December 1878 khan Tiflis Governorate, Russia Empire chhunga khaw pakhat Gori-ah a lo piang a. A nu chu Ketevan Geladze niin a hna hmuh apiang thawk lawr mai mai thin a ni a. A pa chu  Besarion Jughashvili a ni a; pheikhawk siama eizawng a ni. Stalin-a pian hma hian fa pathum an nei tawh a, mahse pakhat chiah a dam a ni.    

            Stalin-a hi a naupan laiin a hrisel lo hle. A nu phei chuan dam chhuak zo dawn lova hriat chang a ngah mai. A ke zungtang vei lam pakhat hi a phir a. Kum sarih mi a nihin zawnghri a vei a, chu chu a hmaiin a ser hlen phah bawk. A hmai ser avang hian a rualpui naupang dangte chuan ‘Pocky’ tiin an chhaih duhdah phah hle thin. Kum 12 mi lek a nih laiin sakawr tawlailir chetsualna-ah a ban vei lam chu a hliam a, chuta chin chu a ban vei lam chu a tawi sawt a, a duh angin a hmang tha thei lo bawk. A naupan lai hian a pa zurui chuan anni nufa chu a tirethei hle mai a. A vaw nasa thin niin a sawi. Hei vang hian Stalin-a chuan a aia thuneitu zawk nia a hriatte a ngaithei lo hma a, phuba lâk chakna rilru a pu lian a. Mi reng reng rinhlelhnain a en tlat thin an ti. Stalin-a nu A pasal phal vak lo chungin Satlin-a nu Ketevan Geladze-i chuan Stalin-a chu Orthodox kohhran puithiam sikulah a luhtir a. Jughashvili chuan a nupui thiltih dan chu duh lovin buaina a siam vak a. Police hotu ber a bei bawk a. Tichuan an hnawt chhuak a, Georgia khawpui Tbilisi lamah tlanchhiain a nupui fanaute chu a kalsan ta a ni.

Kum 16 a nihin Stalin-a chuan Georgian khawpui Tbilisi-a Orthodox Tiflis Spiritual Seminary lut thei turin scholarship a hmu a. Heta a awm lai hian a va che tha viau naa final exam a bawh pelh avangin kum 1899 khan sikul hotuten an hnawt chhuak a. An hnawh chhuah chhan an sawi pakhatah chuan tuition fee a pek theih loh vang a ni. Soviet Union sawrkar lehkha lama an ziah dan thung chuan hotute huatzawng tak lehkhabu a chhiar avang leh Social Democratic pawl a din vang niin a inziak thung. Hetih lai vel tho hian Stalin-a chuan Vladimir Lenin-a lehkhabu ziah chu a chhiar a, chuta tang chuan Marxist thurin chu a tuipui chho ta hle mai a. Tichuan kum 1903 khan Bolshevik pawl chu a zawm ta a. Rei lo tê-ah Caucasus biala an mi hawlhlawr berte zinga mi a ni chho ta a. A hna ber chu mi fuihpawrh leh buaina siam a ni ber mai. Hei lo pawh hi an thurin vawrh darhna lamah a tangkai em em bawk. Kum 1905 May thla khan "Briefly About the Disagreements in the Party" tih thu a chhuah a. Politic-a an thurin vawrh darhna a ni ber. Kum 1906 January thla khan "Two Clashes: Concerning January 9" tih a chhuah leh bawk. He lehkha a chhuah hi kum 1905 January 9-a nawrhna chungchang sawina a ni. Hnathawktu tam takin Winter Palace kawtah nawrh an huaihawt a. Hei hi Russian Revolution-a thil thleng chhinchhiah tlâk tak a ni. Hemi ni hi Bloody Sunday an ti hial a. Lal vengtute chuan min sangkhat lai an kaphlum a ni.

Stalin-a leh a pawlte chuan sipai an din a. Sawrkar dona thu an theh darh a. Bank an rawk loh leh mi an kidnap a, pawisain an tlanchhuahtir leh a. Chung zinga a hming chherna ber chu kum 1907-a Tiflif bank an rawk kha a ni. Hemi tum hian mi 40 zetin an thih phah a. Russia pawisa ruble 341,000 an ru chhuak bawk. A hming a lo thang tan ta. Russia secret police, Okhrana an tihte chuan an chhui vat a. Vawi sarih lai an man a, Siberia ramah vawi sarih an thawn bawk a. An thawn hnuhnun ber tum chuan Indopui Pakhatnaa kal turin sipaiah an la lui a. Mahse a bân veilam piangsual avang khan an duh leh lo va, a kal ta lo a ni. Hetianga experience a neih that em avang hian kum 1917 October Revolution thleng khan Lenin-a pâwl Bolshevik tana mi tangkai tak a ni. Amarawhchu kha helna-ah khan amah Stalin-a chu direct-in a inhnamhnawih lutuk lo thung. 

Thuneihna A Chan Dan

            Stalin-a chu kum 1922 April thla-ah Communist party-a thuneitu sang Central Committee-a General Secretary-ah hlankai a ni a. Chu veleh a nihna chu verther taka hmangin a mi duhsak zawng leh a duh duha a tihtheih tur mi huikhawma lamtang siam nan a hmang ta a ni. Heng lai vel hian communist party chu thuneihna inchuhin an buai ru hle mai a. An hotupa ber Lenin-a lah chu kum 1922 khan stroke avangin a chau tawh hle a. A chawl titih a ni ber e. Hetia a dam loh lai hian Stalin-a chuan Lenin-a chu a tlawh fo va, mahse an inhre chiang tial tial a, an inngeih lo tial tial bawk. Lenin-a pawh chuan hruaitu ber ang chuan a lang naa a party chhung chu a thunun zo tak tak tawh lo. Thil awm dan enin party thunun tak tak zo tur chu Stalin-a chauh chu niin a lang; mahse Lenin-a chuan Stalin-a mizia chu a hre chiang a, thuneihna a ngah lutuk chuan a party tan leh a ram pum tan a la pawi thei dawn tih a hre chiang hle a. Stalin-a a duh loh thu chu a party inkhawmpuiah pawh lehkha thawnin a sawi chhuah a tum nghe nghe a. Mahse a lehkha chu Stalin-a a pawlte chuan an lo hupsak hmiah a. Chuvangin kum 1923-a an party inkhawmpuiah chuan Lenin-a duh dan angin thil a kal thei ta lo va, Stalin-a pawh chu an paihthla thei ta lo a ni.

            Lenin-a khan Stalin-a mizia chu a hre dik ngawt mai. Stalin-a chu a nunrawng a, a thiante lakah a rinawm lo va, a mawl a, mi reng reng rinhlelhna nen a en vek a, a thuneihna chuh pha awm deuha a hriat chu tumah a ngaina ngai lo. Mahse Lenin-a hlauhthawn ang ngeiin Stalin-a dinhmun chu a sang tial tial a, a mi dip a na tial tial bawk a. Kum 1924 January ni 21 a Lenin-a a thih hnu khan communist party hruaitute chu left wing, Trotsky-a ho leh right wing (Bukharin-a hote) –ah an inthen deuh phawk a. Stalin, Kamenev leh Zinoviev te chuan a right wing lam zawmin Trotsky-a leh a lamtangte chu an bei ta a. Party chhunga thuneihna inchuhna nasa tak karah Stalin-a chuan a dinhmun chu a sawh nghet  hret hret a. Kum 1928 a lo thlen meuh chuan khawvel ram zau ber USSR chu a thuhnuaiah a dah ta vek a. Russia ram chanchin kal tawha mihring insuatna rapthlak ber, mihring maktaduaih 60 zet thihna thlentir turin rorelna chu a kutah a awm ta luah mai.

            Chutia thuneihna a pum hmawm takah chuan a mihring ze diktak chu a rawn lan tan ta. A ngaihdan chuan tharum hmanga inawp hi a tha ber a, thil a tithei ber a, a hlawhtling ber bawk. Vawikhat pawh, “Tharum hman hi a tangkai; tharum hmang lo ila chu revolution kha a lo thleng lo vang. Tharum hi politics chawm liantu a ni,” tiin a sawi.

            Stalin-a chuan a kutah thuneihna chu a pumhmawm ta hmiah mai. Hlauhna hi ram awpna hmanraw tha berah a ngai a. Chuvang chuan a ram mipuite leh a party chhungah ngei pawh amah hlauhna rilru chu tuh a tum tlat mai a ni. A dik tak chuan hei hi Lenin-a pawh khan hmanrua-ah a hmang ve tho. Vawikhat pawh Lenin-a khan tihian a ti: “Telecommunication enkawltu, amplifier tha zawk pe thei lotu che leh telephone connection hman theih pe thei lo tur mi â chu kah hlumah vau mai rawh u,” a lo ti tawh a. Stalin-a hian a pu thu chu a awih ngang mai; a pû aiin a hmang thiam zawk mah a ni. Communist party-a phusa ve tak engineer pakhat Alexeyev-a pawh hetiang thu hla avang hian a fapa pahnih nen kahhlum an ni.

            Kum 1929-ah Stalin-a han ter phah deuh tura ngaih Trotsky-a chu a tlanchhia a. Kum 1936 atangin Mexico-ah a cheng a. Mahse Stalin-a chuan a umzui zel a. Kum 1940 khan a secret police hmangin Mexico-a a awm lai chu a that ta tho a ni. Trotsky-a thih hnu phei hi chuan a foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov-a chauh hi Lenin-a hun laia communist party hruaitu han ni pha dam chhun a ni tawh a. Midang chu Stalin-a hian a thian fai vek a ni.

            Mihring nunna an ren lohzia sawi nan revolution hun lai velah khan kir leh lawk ila. Kum 1918 August 13 khan rilru kim chiah lo nu pakhat Fenny Kaplan chuan Lenin-a chu a kap hliam a. Thil awm dan enin inphiarrukna a awm miah lo tih chu mi pangngai tan chuan hai rual a ni lo. Mahse Stalin-a chuan chu chu remchangah la vatin Caucasus-a amah duh lotu mi zaruk zet kahhlum nan a hmang a nih chu. An communist secret police Cheka hotu sang tak pakhat Latsis-a pawhin communist thil tum chu sawrkar tihbo leh intihluihna ang chi tihbo hi a ni a. Chu chu a taka thleng tur chuan intihluih leh inrikrap hi a la tul a ni ti lamin a sawi a. Mahse amah pawh chu an tihluih zingah chuan a tel ve ta tho va, a thih phah ta a ni.

            Stalin-a nunrawnna chuan chin lem a nei lo a ni ber e. Amah chu mi ropui ber anga inlantir a tum a. A upa deuh deuh a, thuneihna a duh tial tial a. Amah ngasangtute leh hlauh tlawntute chu a khawm a, a duh duh a tihtir a ni ber. Mipuiin an hlauh tlawn a, a minister-te pawhin an hlau em em vek mai a ni. Vawikhat pawh party inkhawmpuiah thu a sawi dawn a. A thusawi tur han ding chhuak chu kut bengin an lo lawm a. A chawl hmasa ber nih kha an ngam loh avangin an beng ta reng mai a ni an ti.

Mi Rikrap Nana A Hmanruate

            Stalin-a chuan a mi rikapna hmanrua tha deuh mai Lenin-a hnen atang khan a chhawm a; chu chu secret police Cheka an tihte chu an ni. Rorelna a chan veleh Stalin-a chuan Cheka chu thiam takin a hmang chho nghal a. Cheka chu police-ah a let a. Mi rikrapna tur dang MGP, Commissariat of State Security leh NKVD, the Commissariat of Internal Affairs te a din ta a. NKDV chu USSR a awpna tura a hmanraw râpthlâk ber a lo ni ta a ni.

            Stalin-a chuan Lenin-a lamtang nia a hriat zawng zawng leh Bolshevik revolution laia a hruaitu deuh deuhte chu a ban phiarh loh leh lung inah a khung a. Loneitute chu an khua atangin a insawntir a, a mi rikrapna hmanrua NKDV te chuan sipai officer fel deuh deuh leh ama party mi leh sa maktaduaih tel an tihlum a. Amah ngeiin chutiang titur chuan thu a pe thin. A phalna leh a hriatpuina lovin Russia ramah hnahthel pakhat pawh a che lo an ti thin.

A Intihlar Dan

Stalin-a chuan chi hrang hranga intihlar dan pawh a thiam hle. Thingtlang khua leh khawpui tam tak hming chu a hmingin a thlak a. Mi chawimawi tlak nia a hriatte chawimawi nan Stalin Prize leh Stalin Peace Prize te a siam a.  Hming pawh a inphuah ropui e; “Coryphaeus of Science” tih te, “Father of Nations” tih te, “Brilliant Genius Humanity” tih te, “Great Architech of Communism” tih te, "Gardener of Human Happiness," tih te leh a dang engemaw zat a invuah a. Russia history pawh ama thuin a ziah danglamtir a. Chutah chuan kum 1917-a Bolshevik Revolution-ah khan mi tangkai tak angin a inziahtir a ni. A lim a dintir pawhin pa sang tawk tak, Tsar Alexander III nena inchen thei awm vel turin a siamtir a, mahse thlalaka a landan en hi chuan fit nga leh a chanve bak a nih a rinawm chiah lo. Nikita Khrushchev-an a sawi danin amah Stalin-a chuan, “Mi ropui nungchang mawi tak leh tha tak’ anga hriat reng a duh a ti.

Indopui Pahnihna lai phei kha chuan an inchawimawi siak hi a ni ber e. Soviet National Anthem-ah pawh Stalin-a hming hi a chuang hial a ni. Literature, poetry, music, painting leh film lam thlengin Stalin-a fakna a chuang chuaih chuaih a. Pathian tenau a ni ringawt. Russian mipuite chuan an han dahsang khawp a, Indopui Pahnihna pawh amah chauhin a hneh a ni an tih chu.

Loneitute A Suasam Dan

            Stalin-a sualzia lan chianna hmasa ber chu kum 1928 tam (famine) laia a thiltih dan kha a ni. Loneitute buh leh wheat thar chu chhuhsak a tum a. Hemi tihlawhtling tur hian a party mi leh a official-te chu a kokhawm a. A duh aiin buh leh wheat a nei tlem a, ton maktaduaih 17 zetin an indaih lo va, chuvangin khawpuia mite, thilsiamnaa thawktute leh sipaiten chaw eitur an nei dawn lo tiin loneitute chu an buh thar chhuhsak turin a ti a. Amah aia thil hre chiang zawkte chuan chutianga ton maktaduaih 17 zet chhuhsak chu thil ni thei a ni lo an ti a. Stalin-a chuan thinrim engphiar hian, “Thu vahluk a nih chu. Buh chu a tam tih ka hria. Kulak chhek inte chu buhin a khat a nih lawm ni? Kulak tinin kg 800000 atanga kg maktaduaih khat sawrkar kuta hlan loh an nei theuh alawm. Heng Kulak-te hian state sawrkar chu a man tipung tura an duh vang mai mai a ni. Heng mite hi Aricle 107 of the Penal Code hmanga chin fel tur an ni,” a ti ta hrep mai a. A huai zual thenkhat chuan loneitute kalh zawnga chêt chu court lamin an duh lo vang an lo ti a. Mahse Stalin-a chuan, “Theh chhuak rawh u. Kulak buhfai chu chhuhsak ula. Mipui hmelma lam tang judge leh prosecutor-te chu ban ula, a tharin rorel rawh se,” a hmiah mai a ni.

            Tuman hnial ngam hek lo; chu thupêk tihpuitlin nan chuan loneitute buh thar chu an chhuhsak ta rum rum mai a. Tuman loneitute chu an khawngaih ngam lo a ni ber e. Tihluihna nena an han inkhawn takah chuan April thla-ah an tum zat buhfai ton maktaduaih 17 chu an tlin ta a. Chutah chuan a la lungawi tawk lo; mimal huan leh lo zawng zawng chu a chhuhsak leh vek a, collective farming tiin mimal ram zawng zawng chu sawrkarin a chhuhsak ta vek mai a ni.

            Kum 1930 tir lam atangin loneitute ram chhuhsak leh loneitute sawn chhuah chu an han kalpui ta a. Kum 1929-30 tir lam thlasik khaw vawt em em hnuaiah khan loneitu rethei tak takte chu an in leh lo atanga hnawhchhuah an ni a. An ram chu sawrkarin a chhuhsak vek rualin mi maktaduaih nga vel chu ram chhe zawk enkawl tur pêk an ni a. Maktaduaih nga dang chu Siberia rama tlu hlum mai mai turin an thawn bo a ni an ti.

            Kum 1932 khan thupêk khauh zet mai a chhuah a. Chu thupêk ang chuan miin eitur chhang a dah that chuan rukru anga en tur a ni a; a hremna pawh thih a ni. Chu thupek chu khauh taka kenkawh a ni a. Mi pawhin an thih phah nual. Chung zinga pakhat chu Morozov a ni. Morozov-a hian a fate tan chhang a lo dah tha pek a. Chu chu a fapa kum 14 mi chuan zêp nachang a lo hre ve si lo va, Morozov-a chu an kahhlum phah ta a ni. Sawrkar farm-ah chuan loneitute chu a thawh luihtir a. An thar chhuah chu a chhuhsak vek a. Loneitu maktaduaih telin an thih phah a. Mahse tuman an sawisel ngam si lo. Central Asia-a Kazakh bial mipui zahve lai riltamin an thi niin an sawi. Tuman an ngaihdan an sawi ngam lo va, khawvel lahin a hre hek lo. Sawrkar official, party mi, sipai leh chanchinbu tumahin Kazakh biala tampui mitthi thleng hi an sawi chhuak ngam lo a ni. Thingtlang khuaa mite chu an khua chhuahsana eitur an zawn khapsak tlat an ni a. Chutianga tlan chhuah lo tum ru an awm chuan an kaphlum hmiah hmiah mai a ni. Kumtluanin secret agent-ten mi an kahhlumna silai ri chu hriat tur a awm a. Zanah an muhil ngam ngai lo; chutiang chuan kum nga zet ralti em emin an awm a nih chu!

            Ukraine state mipuiin Stalin-a policy hi an tuar nasa hle bawk. Tun thlenga Ukranian Famine an tihtak hi a rapthlakzia sawiin a siak lo. USSR chuan buhfai chu a nei ngei mai a, mahse a pe chhuak phal tlat si lo va, chuvang chuan mi maktaduaih 2.5 zet an thi niin an sawi a. Mahse tunhnaia an chhut that leh dan chuan maktaduaih li atanga maktaduaih nga chu tling ngeiin an ring a ni. Khawvel hmun dang atanga tanpuina lak phal a ni lo va, tin, chu harsatna chu chanchinbu emaw, radio emaw hmanga puanzar chu sawi loh an zep tang tang zawk si a, intanpui ngaihna a awm lo. Tanpuina zawnga mahni khua chhuahsan a phal si lo va, awmhmunah an tuar tlawk tlawk mai a ni.

            Kum 1937 khan forest ranger pakhat pawhin Kuropati ngaw karah chuan thil pangngai zan lo a awm thu an hotute a hrilh a. An hotute chuan, “Dam ila duh chuan ngawi mai mai rawh,” an lo ti a. Ani pawhin a hre thiam nghal mai. Kuropati ngaw chu a hnu lawkah thirhlingnei meter thum zeta sangin an rawn hung chhuak vek a. Kum 1941 November thla chanve thleng sawrkar duh loh zawng ti thina an hriatte kahhlum nan an hmang ta a ni. Zan tin tlaivara kahhlum tur an nei ziah bawk. An kahhlum turte chu van hmangin an phur khawm a, Soviet siam silai ‘nagant’ rifle hmangin an kaphlum hmiah hmiah mai a ni. Hetianga mi kaphlumtute hi NKVD an ni deuh ber. An mi thahte chu lei laih khuar zau deuh maiah chuan a hlawm hlawmin an phum a; chutiang thlanmual zau pui pui, mass grave an tih ang chi chu Kuropati-ah ringawt pawh 510 zet an hmu chhuak a ni.

            Chutiang thlanah chuan a tlangpuiin mi zahnih vel zel an phûm a. Mi za têl luruh an han en chian chuan an lûa kah an lo ni deuh zel a nih chu! Stalin-a thih hnua a thiltihdan chhuituten an kawm putar pakhat chuan kum riat mi a nih laiin an khua Salivonovka-ah chuan kum 1930 chho khan in 120 an awm a; mihring pawh zariat lai an tling. Kum 1940 –ah erawh chuan in sawmthum emaw chauh a awm tawh a ni. Eitur lo chhep ru an awm a, chu chu miin NKVD-a a report chuan lawmman a dawng a, a mi heka chu kahhlum a ni thin.

            Kuropati chauh hi hetianga inthah buaih buaihna hmun hi a ni lo. A dang tam tak a la awm. Kum 1930 leh 1933 inkar khan mihring maktaduaih 25 zet chu an in leh lo atanga sawn chhuah luih an ni a; mi maktaduaih 15 zet an thi a. Maktaduaih sarih dangte chu an khua chhuahsan phalsak an nih loh avangin an khua-ah chuan riltamin an thi mai a ni. Eitur ngaihtuaha pur phur turin thenawm khua-ah kal phal a ni lo.

            Hetiang hian Stalin-a development policy nunrawng tak mai avang hian mi maktaduaih têl tak meuh meuh an thi a nih chu!

A Party Chhung A Thianfai

            Communist Party-a a thawhpui thenkhat Trotsky leh Bukharin te chuan Stalin-a thiltih dan chu a tir atang rengin an duh lo va. Red Army dintu leh sipai remhre hmingthang Trotsky phei chu kum 1929 khan Russia ram atangin a tlanchhe daih nghe nghe a. Bukharin lah chu Stalin-a chuan engmah tithei lo turin a up bet titih tlat bawk si. Kum 1932 khan mi thenkhatin M.Ryutin-a kaihhruaina hnuaiah Stalin-a chu Party General Secretary a nihna atanga paihthlak an tum a. Mahse vanduaithlak takin Stalin-a secret police-ho chuan an lo hre ru hlauh mai a. Chung phiarrutute chu party atanga an hnawhchhuah bakah lung inah an khung ta hmiah mai a. Chutah chuan a lungawi mai dawn emaw an tih laiin Stalin-a chuan thil thui zawk a lo thlir chu niin; kum 1933 a lo her chhuak a, ama party-a mi rinhlelhawm nia a hriat chu a han thianfai ta tak tak a; December thla a lo thlen meuh chuan communist party mi leh sa ngat maktaduaih khat zet a tihlum a nih chu!

            Kum 1934 pawh khan Stalin-a chu paihthlak an tum leh a. Hemi tuma paihthlak tumtute phei hi chu an tam bakah an inzar pharh nasa hman tawh hle a. Mahse Pathianin a remti lo nge ni Stalin-a thuihruai, ami rin em em Kirov-a chuan a man chhuak leh ta hlauh mai a. Mi 145 an han kaphlum phawt mai a. Chutah Stalin-a chu a la mu tui thei chuang lo; lung in tangho zingah amah paihthlak duhtute chu zawng chhuakin mi 350 an kaphlum leh a ni.

            Moscow lama a kir leh hnu-ah Kirov-a chuan Ural lung ina tang mêk Kamanev leh Zinoviev te chu an party rorelna sang berah ngaihtuah ni se a ti a. Stalin-a erawh chu a hmanhmawh vak lo. Chutihlai chuan Stalin-a thian tha ve tho Yagoda chuan Kirov-a thil tum tak zawk chu Party rorelnaa amah Stalin-a chu paihthlak a ni tiin a hrilh a.

            Kum 1934 December thla chuan Leningrad khawpuia an party committee dawnin Kirov-a chu tuten emaw ni an that ta a. Chu chu remchangah hmangin Stalin-a chuan a duh loh zawng mi thenfai nan a hmang a, Leningrad khawpuiah ringawt pawh party mi 467 a kahhlumtir a. Midang sang engzatin nge lung in tan phaha thih phah hriat a ni lo zawk hial a ni.

            Kemenev leh Zinoviev te pahnih chu Siberia ram lung in atangin Leningrad-ah chuan an hruai thla a. Kum sawm lung in tang tura relsak niin lung in hrehawm tak Yakutsk-ah an thawn leh ta a. Kirov-a tualthihnaa mawhphurtu an nih thu an inpuan luihtir a ni.

            Stalin-a chuan a thian hnai ber Ordjonikidze-a chu a chenna inah tlawhin a titipui a. An ngaihdan a inhmu vak lo. Stalin-a chuan lung ina tang mek communist party hruaitu hlui thenkhat leh midang engemaw zat chu tihhlum a duh a. Heng mite hian lung in atang pawhin amah chu an rawn phiarru reng niin a hria a. Ordjonikidze-a vethung chuan chutianga mi pawisawi lo sawisak leh tihhlum vak vak chu an party tan pawh tha dawnin a hre lo thung. Stalin-a chuan a hmelma nia a hriatte chu tihhlum hmiah hmiah a duh a, a kawng daltu nia a hriat chu a thiante emaw, a chhungte emaw pawh a zuah lo. Kemenev leh Zinoviev te chu lung in atangin an hruai chhuak a, nasa taka sawisain an tihtheih miah loh tur ti-ah an puh a, thi tura thiam loh chantir an ni.

            Kemeneve-a chu an tihhlum hmain Stalin-a chuan a tanna lung inah a tlawh a. An party-a mi pawimawh deuh deuh – Nikolai Bukharin, Party thluak bur tihngam khawpa mi fel leh Lenin-a kutke ber, an party chanchinbu Izvestia-a editor-in-chief ni lai te; Alexei Rykov, Soviet Union-a Prime Minister te; Hendryk Yagoda, NKVD chief, Kemenev leh Zinoviev  mantu leh rorelnaa hruaitu te,  Michail Tomsky, Trade Union hruaitu leh midang engemaw zat chu phiarruknaah an tel ve thu nemnghet turin a va vau a ni ber. Bukharin leh Rykov te chu Central Committee Meeting an neih lai, March 1937 khan an man a. August 22, 1937 khan NKVD agent-te chuan Tomsky chu revolution do zawnga che-ah puhin an man bawk a. Tomsky chu a inkaphlum a. Stalin-a chu lehkha thawnin a chhungte chungah tal zahngai turin a ngen a ni. Bukharin leh Rykov te erawh chu Germany, Japan leh Great Britain tana enthlatu-ah puhin an man a. An vaiin hian tihhlum vek an ni. Anmahni chauh pawh hi a ni lo; hemi rual hian an lamtang nia rinhlelh communist party mi leh sa sangli zet chu rinhlelh thu-ah kahhlum tel an ni.

            Kum 1937 leh 1938 chho hi Stalin-a hrân vanglai ti ila a dik maithei. A mithmuha tling tawk lo a tih leh a rinhlelh deuh chu a dah bo hmiah hmiah mai a ni. Heng hunlaia a tihhlum zingah chuan thian tha bera a neih thin Gregory Ordjonikidze kha a ni. Ordjonikidze chu Heavy Industry-a Commissioner ni lai a nih bakah party chhungah pawh mi challang tak a ni a. Stalin-a thinrim sosang tudai thei bera ngaih a ni bawk. Mahse ani pawh hi a zuah chuang lo. February 17, 1937 khan Ordjonikidze chuan Stalin-a chu a office-ah len chilhin engtia NKVD chuan a office chu rawn dap ve mai nge an nih a zawt a. Stalin-a chuan, “Thil pangngai mai mai a ni e,” tiin a lo hnem a. Ordjonikidze chu chumi ni chuan office-ah a awm nileng a. A tûk zing dar 5:30-a va kaihthawh an tum chuan a khumah a lo thi reng tawh a. Thil awm dan chu Ordjonikidze nupui chuan Stalin-a chu a va hrilh a. Stalin-a chu Poliburo hruaitu thenkhat nen Ordjonikidze inah chuan an va kal nghal vat a. Doctor pali kovin Ordjonikidze chu lungphu chawla thi angin a ziahtir a. Chung doctor pali zinga pathum chu a hnu lawkah tihhlum an ni.

            A diktak chuan Ordjonikidze kha Stalin-a thupêkin NKVD-ten tûrin an hrai hlum a ni zâwk. A hnu-ah Ordjonikidze chu pistol-a inkaphlum ang leh silai ri pawh a nupui chuan hre ngeiin an report leh a. Mahse hengte hi chu phatna mai mai a ni. Stalin-a hian a thianpa hi a thiltih dana rilrua inthiam lohna neihtirtu niin a hre tlat mai a. Chuvangin rilrua inthiam lohna nei miah lova thil dang a tih theih nan dahthat thuai kha thain a hria a ni.

            Ordjonikidze-a thihna-ah hian a tawp mai lo. Thudik hretute chuan zawi zawiin thudik chu an thehdarh ang tih Stalin-a chuan a ring a, a hlau bawk a. Chuvangin Ordjonikidze chhungte leh a thawhpui hnai deuhte chu a mal malin a phil zeuh zeuh a, a thianfai leh vek bawk.

            Mi a thenfai dan pakhat chu Moscow atangin party mi tuemaw kha a rukin a tir chhuak a. A zinnaa local party mi leh sate kha a va kawm kual a. Tichuan rinhlelhawm deuha a rin list nen chuan a haw leh a. A bak chu NKVD-ho kutah a awm tawh a, annin an duh duhin an titawh mai a ni. Chutianga party hruaitu an man tawh chuan amah maia tawp lovin a chhungte leh a driver-te thlengin an man tawh mai thin. Stalin-a duh lo zawng anga awm chu thil hlauhawm tak a nih avangin miin thi tura a duh tawh chu an thlavang an hauh ngam tawh ngai lo reng reng.

            Kum 1937 khan Health Minister Kaminsky chuan Central Committee-ah an rinhlelh mi thenkhat thlavang a lo hauh palh zauh mai a. Chumi ni la la chuan an man nghal a, tlaiah chuan mitthi a ni der tawh. Education minister Andrei Bubnov-a pawh hi Bolshevik mi tangkai, party tana inpe zo tak a ni naa a zuah chuang lo. Central Committee-a a tel tur chu luh an lo phal lo va. Committee member nih vang ringawta luh theih a ni lo; special permit a ngai tiin an lo dang a. Bubnov-a chu chumi zan chuan a nihna zawng zawng hlihsak a nih bakah an man zui a. Siberia ramah an tantir a, kum 1940 khan a thi.

            Stalin-a chuan communist party chhunga mi an ni emaw, sawrkar hnathawk lian an ni emaw, sipai an ni emaw, tumah a ring lo. Tin, a rin tawh loh chu eng anga dinhmun sang pawh nise a zuah chuang miah lo bawk. Vawikhat chu Kremlin-a engemaw tihkhawmna-ah Stalin-a chu chibai an buk diat diat hlawm a. Communist thalai lam hruaitu (?) Alexander Kosarev-a hun a lo thleng ve a. Stalin-a chuan lo kuah pahin Kosarev-a beng bulah chuan, “Min phatsan vaih chuan ka that ang che,” a lo ti a. Kosarev-a chu a dang sâwp sâwp a. A hnu lawkah a thi ta mai reng a ni. USSR president Mikhail Kalinin-a pawh khan Stalin-a kut tuar mi thenkhat chu chhanchhuah a tum a. Stalin-a chu lung a awi ta lo. Hetihlai kum 1938 hian Mikhail Kalinin-a hi cancer veiin damdawi inah a inenkawl a. A nupui chu Moscow-ah an kokir a, NKVD hotu Lavrenti Beria chuan a lo man a. Ni 25 October, 1938-ah an man kha labor camp-ah kum sarih an tantir a. A pasal thih hma lawk kum 1945 khan an chhuah hram a ni. Mikhail Kalinin-a hi USSR president chu a han ni ve uaih naa Stalin-a thu lovin engmah a tingam chuang lo va, thenkhat sawi dan phei chuan a awm ve mai mai a ni ber. Stalin-a lah chuan ‘venhim i ngai’ tiin a che vel chu NKVD-ho a enthlaktir reng a, a hminga president meuh ni si chuan engmah a tithei lo. A dam loh zual chhung zawng khan a nupui hmuhtir an phal lo va, amahin a tuar tlawk tlawk mai a ni.

Sipaiho A Thianfai

            Communist party chhunga a rinhlelh deuh deuh a vai khawm a, maktaduaih têl an thih hnu-ah Stalin-a chuan sipai lam a hawi leh ta a. Kum 1937-38 chhung khan sipai lam pawh Stalin-a kutthak hnawihna-ah an han tang ve ta a. Kum khat chhung lekin sipai officer 40,000 zet tihhlum an ni a. An zingah hian sipai hotu lu pathum an tel. General puitling thiau pali zinga pathum an thi a. Lt.General 12; Corps Commander 67 zinga 60; Division commander 139 zinga 136 te chu rinhlelh thu-ah tihhlum an ni. Indopui Pakhatna laia an pasaltha hmingthang, sipaihovin an chhuan em em pawh chu a zuah chuang lo. Japan enthlatu-ah puh a ni a, an kaphlum hmiah mai a ni.

            Sipai officer tha tha leh indona lama experience tha a tihhlum hnem lutuk avangin Indopui Pahnihna-ah pawh khan an chetchhiat phah nasa niin an sawi.

            A ram chhunga a mi rinhlelh zawngte a tihhlum chu duhtawk mai lovin ramdanga tlanchhe tawhte pawh NKVD hmang chuan a umzui zel a. Chutianga a mi thah thenkhat chu Yevhen Konovalets te, Ignace Poretsky te, Rudolf Klement te, Alexander Kutepov te, Evgeny Miller te, Leon Trotsky te leh Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) hruaitu thenkhat entirnan Andreu Nin te hi an ni.

            Indopui Pahniha lai khan Polish sipai officer 15,000 chuang chu Stalin-a thupêk hian kahhlum an ni ringawt bawk.

            Stalin-a vanga Russia mipui tawrhna leh hrehawmna hi sawi vek sen a ni lo. Mihring maktaduaih 60 vel zetin an thih phah niin an sawi thin a. A zât diktak hi chu engti kawng maha hriat theih a ni tawh lo vang. A mi tihhlumte reng reng chu an thlalak leh an chanchin ziahna nen lam a thai bo hmiah hmiah bawk a. Awm lo ang vang vang an ni.

            Russia rama hnam dang awmho pawh a dim lo khawp mai. Great depression laia USA atanga Russia rama pem chhoho pawh a tihlum hnem khawp mai. Hnam dang German te, Polish te, Korean te pawh a dim lo; eng zat nge a tihhlum hriat sen rual a ni lo an ti.  A lehlamah chuan kapathir nena ro a rel avang hian tunhmaa ram rethei Russia chu khawvela sawrkar thiltithei ber pakhat a ni thei a. Indopui Pahnihna-ah Germany a hneh a. Europe khawmualpui chhak lama ram tenau engemaw zat a nei a. USSR chu khawvela ram zau ber mai ni lovin khawvel hruaitu ni thei tur khawpin a din lawi si a ni.

Sakhuana Lam

            Stalin-a hi puithiam ni tura inzir sil tawh chu a ni naa Pathian awm ring lo a ni. Sakhuana hi a ngainêp hle a ni ang; a tiduhdah em mai. Kristian, Buddhis, Mosolman, Hindu ang khat rengin a tiduhdah a, an hmun thianghlim nise a zah hek lo. Russia chu kristian ram a ni a, kristian an tam ber bawk. Stalin-a chuan kristian biak in a tichhe deuh vek a. A tichhiat loh pawh library atan te, museum atan te leh theater hall atan te a hmansak hmiah hmiah a. Puithiam leh kohhran hnathawk mi nuaihkhat vel tihhlum an ni bawk.

A Chhungte

            Stalin-a hian nupui pathum a nei. A nupui hmasa ber Ekaterina Svanidze-i nen hian kum 1906-ah inneiin 1907 khan a nupui hian kum 22 mi lek niin nau chungah thihsan a. A nupui an vui zo chu mihring chunga lainatna leh khawngaihna a lo neih ve zawng zawng kha an phum tel vek niin a sawi. A fapa Yakov chu Stalin-a nupuia chhungte chuan an enkawl zui a. Tlêma a len deuh hnu-ah Moscow-ah an thawn a. Mahse a pa Stalin-a nen chuan an innel tak tak thei lo. Stalin-a hian a fapa hi a duat lo mai ni lovin a tirethei viau zâwk a ni awm e; a fapa chuan inkahhlum a tum a, a hlawhchham hlauh. Stalin-a chuan, “Themtlaw lutuk,” (He can’t even shoot straight) a tiduh chauh zu nia! Yakov-a hi Indopui Pahnihna-ah khan German-hovin an man a. Stalingrad indonaa Russia sipaihovin an man Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus-a nena inthlengpuiah an sawm a. Stalin-a erawh chuan, “Ka fapa Yakov-a chauh in hrêng hlei nem, ka fapa maktaduaih têl in hrêng alawm; in chhuah vek a nih loh chuan ka fapa khan an tawrh ang ang chu a tuar ve mai tur a ni,” tiin a lo chhang a ni. Yakov-a beidawng chu Sachsenhausen concentration camp-a a tan laiin electrict pal su luiin a intihlum ta hial a ni. Yakov-a hian fapa Yevgeny a nei a. Yevgeny hian Georgian mi nupui neiin fapa pahnih leh tute pawh a nei tawh bawk.

            Siberia rama a tan laiin Maria Kuzakova nen an innei titih a. Fa pawh an nei hman. An fapa Konstantin Kuzakov chu Stalin-an Siberia a tlanchhuahsan hnua piang a ni.

            Stalin-a chuan a nupui pahnihna Nadezhda Alliluyeva nen fapa pakhat Vasiliy leh fanu pakhat Svetlana a nei leh a. An inneih lai hian Allilyueva hi kum 18 a ni a, Stalin-a chu kum 39 lai a ni thung. An inupat hleih hle. A nupui pahnihna hi a kawlh ve deuh niin a hriaten an sawi a. Stalin-a tan pawh enkawl a buaithlak deuh niin an sawi bawk. Allilyueva hi kum 1932 khan a thi a. Sawrkar thuchhuakah chuan natna pangngaia thi a ni. Mi tam zawk rin dan chuan Stalin-a thah a nih an ring thung. A intihhlum dawn hian lehkha a hnutchhiah a. A fanu sawi danin a intihhlum chhan chu mimal thil leh politic thil a ni thei ve ve. Thenkhat sawi dan chuan Stalin-a hian a nupui hi zanriah chaw an ei laiin sikret a pen per sawk sawk a. Chutianga an inhnial thinur chu a that ta mai niin an sawi.

Hemi hnu hian Stalin-a chuan nula dang chhe lo deuh deuh, film star te, lam thiam te, zaithiam te leh a dang dang a kawp lawr nual niin an sawi. A kawp rei ber leh hnuhnung ber nia an sawi chu Russia loneitu nu mawl tê Valentina Istomina a ni. He nu hi kum 1934 khan kum 19 mi lek a la nih laiin Stalin-a inah chhiahhlawh angin a awm a. A nupui ang maiin a khawsa a ni ber. Mipui hriatah an innei lo a ni ringawt a, an inkawp hlein an sawi. Mahse mi thenkhat chuan an inkawp hi hmeichhiat mipatna lam thil ni lovin an sawi. Tin, Stalin-a hrim hrim kha pa ler lem lo tak, hmeichhe duh huam huam ang chi a ni lo an ti.

Stalin-a fapa Vasiliy chu Soviet air force-ah a tang a, kum 1962 khan zu a vangin a thi. Indopui Pahnihna lai khan airman chhuanawm tak a ni hman. Stalin-a fanu Svetlana erawh chu kum 1967 khan  United States lamah a pêm a. Pasal atan William Wesley Peters a zu nei a. Ani nen hian fanu pakhat Olga (surname Evans) an nei.

            Kum 2001 March thla khan Russian Independent Television NTV chuan tunhmaa mi hriat hlawh lo tak, Novokuznetsk khuaa awm, Yuri Davydov chu Stalin-a tupa nia an sawi avangin a interview a. A insawi danin a pa chuan Stalin-a tupa a nih thu chu zep tlat turin a hrilh thin a ni.

            Stalin-a hian USSR mipuite chu mimala engmah neih a phal mang loh laiin amah chuan in nuam tak tak a nei thluah a. Car changkang tak tak a nei bawk. Thlawhna-ah a chuang khat hle. Kum 1943-a Tehran Conference khan lo theih lohin thlawhna-ah chuan a chuang ve a, chumi tih loh chu car leh rêl vekin a zin thin.

            Stalin-a hian Russia chu industry lamah a tichak nasa a. Tin, hmeichhia leh mipa a en hrang vak lo hi hmeichhe tan a thain Russia ramah chuan hmeichhiain an changkan phah khawp mai. Zirna lam a uar a. A hunlai hian Russia rama literacy rate pawh a invawrh kang dawrh a ni. Tin, damdawi lamah hma an sawnin mihring damrei hun chhung pawh Russia ramah chuan a sei sawt a, natna thenkhat phei chu Russia ram atangin a umbo thei hial a ni.

A Thih Dan

Stalin-a chu March 1, 1953 khan stroke avangin a tlu a. Tunhma kum sawm kal taa a thiltih avang khan enkawl mai ngam a ni lo. A hma hian amah enkawltu Juda doctor pali zinga pathum chu a lo tihlum tawh a. Chuvangin a enkawltu nih leh pawh hlauhawm tak a ni. A hnu ni li, March 5, 1953-ah thluaka thisen pût avangin a thi a ni. A thih dawn boruak pawh hi a ngaihnawm khawp mai. Han sawi ve reng reng ila a tha awm e.

            Stalin-a hunlai hian khawvelah dictator nunrawng pui pui pathum an awm; Italy ramah Mussolini-a chu a vawk lal lên a; Germany-ah Hitler-a chu thuneihna vawrtawp neiin a duh duh a ti a ni ber. Mussolini chu kahhlum niin a ruang chu kawtthlerah an hnûk hrep a. Hitler-a chu amah leh amah a inkaphlum thung. Stalin-a chu kum 1953 hma lam pawh hian stroke tenau deuh neiin a lo buai a lo buai tawh a. A hriselna pawh a tha lo sawt khawp mai. Midang rinhlelhnaa a khah avangin doctor tan pawh enkawl a nuam lo khawp awm e. A enkawltu nih a hlauhawm hle a ni.

            February 28 zan chuan Kremlin-ah cinema film an en a (cowboy film ngaina hlea sawi a ni). Chumi zawhah chuan a in pakhatah a haw a. A inah hian secret police NKVD hotupa ber Beria leh a hnua amah thlaktu Khruschev leh midang engemaw zat, pa lar tak tak a hmu leh a. He mite hian zing darli velah an hawsan chauh a ni. Stalin-a pawh chu mu turin a kal a. Tuman kaitho lo turin a guard chu a hrilh bawk a. A tlangpuii Stalin-a hian zing dar 10 hmain a guard-te chu thingpui a dil thin a. Mahse hemi ni hi chuan a reh ta vang vang mai. A guard-te lah chuan engmah an sawi ngam si lo va; ngaihtha vak mang lo chung chuan an nghâk ta veng veng mai a ni.

            Tlai dar 6:30-ah a pindan chu a rawn êng a, mahse tumah a koh loh avangin an va pawh ngam si lo. A inah chuan a thupêk han kalh ngam eih an awm si lo va, ngaih tha lo deuh chuan an nghak leh ta rih a. Zan dar sawm a rik meuh chuan a guard-te ngaih chu a tha ta ngang si lo va, a lehkhathawn dawn tur lo thleng thar chu chhuanlama hmangin ngam leh ngam lo hian an va luhchilh ta rawih mai a. Chhuatah a lo tlu sawp nuaih a; zun a lo cheh pheng phung bawk a. A sana bun lai chu a keh a, thisen a chhuak bawk a. A sana chu a tlukna lama a vai chhiat a nih hmel hle. Chu sana atanga a lan dan chuan tlai dar 6:30 vela tlu niin a lang.

            Sawi tawh ang khan Stalin-a chu mi tinin an hlau vek mai a. A enkawltu doctor nih pawh thih phah mai theihna a ni si; chuvangin a guard-te pawh chuan doctor an ko mai ngam lo. Minister of State Security an ko hmasa a. Ani pawh chuan ama thua engmah a tihngam loh avangin secret police hotu Beria a ko veleh a. Chumi hnua thil thleng chu a chiang tawh lo. Doctor an ko lawk lo tih erawh chu a chiang hle. Hei hi amah Stalin-a chu thi se an tih vang pawh a ni thei. Rawn damchhuak leh se an enkawl danah chuan lungawi lovin anmahni chu tihhlum tur thu a pe lovang tih a sawi theih tlat loh. A tûk dar 7 leh dar 10 inkar velah doctor an koh chauh a ni.

Stalin-a kutke mi nunrawng Beria 

            Stalin-a taksa chu zeng angin a awm a. Thâwk harsa a tih bâkah thisenin a luak bawrh bawrh bawk a. Eng nge a natna tak an hre chiang mai thei lo. Russia rama doctor thiam ber ber, amah enkawl thintute chu a hma lawk khan an man a, thih hmabakin lung inah an awm mek a ni. Lung in tang ve lo doctor thenkhat chuan lung ina doctor-ho chu va biain Stalin-a awm dan chu eng ti’ang chiah nge a nih an va zâwt a. Beisei a bo hle a ni. Stalin-a chu thi chhawnga ni nga zet a mut hnu-ah March 5, 1953 zan dar 9:50 khan kum 73 mi niin a thi ta a. Amah hre chiangtu Russia mipui thawpik tak takte chu an thaw huai awm e.

            A thihchhan dik tak pawh hi hriat hleih theih a ni lo. Tunhnua a taksa an han zir chian leh hian tûra hraihlum niin an hria a. Tu hraihlum nge tihlam chu rinthu a ni tawh mai. NKVD hotu Beria kha ni thei tura ngaih a ni. A ni chiah em tih erawh chu finfiah a har tawh hle. Stalin-a khan Beria thuneihna chu sâng lutuka hriain dah hniam dan a ngaihtuah nia hriat thawi a ni a. Chu chu amah Beria pawh hian a inhre deuh niin an hre lehzel bawk. Chuvangin Beria khan tûrin a hraihlum ta nia ngai an awm. Titi tualleng lar vak lovah chuan khatia Stalin-a tlu kha Beria chuan a diriam vak mai a. Mahse rin loh takin Stalin-a chu a rawn harh leh titih ta mai si a. Chu veleh Beria chu zah awm takin a kut chu a lo fawhsak a. Chutah Stalin-a chu nikhaw hre lovin a awm leh a. Chu chu Beria chuan chil a chhak zui niin an sawi. ◊◊