KOHHRANA CHI INTHLIARNA
KOHHRAN CHHUNGA CHI INTHLIARNA
Kum
1985 June 27, khan khawvel pum huap Seventh-day Adventist kohhran inkhawmpui
lian ber General Conference chuan chi leh chi inthliarna chungchanga kohhran
ngaihdan leh kalphung chu tihian a puang a: “The Seventh-day Adventist
Church deplores all forms of racism, including the political policy of
apartheid with its enforced segregation and legalized discrimination,” tiin. Hemi hm^ lawk hian Thingsulthliah kohhran min rawn
tlawhtu Adventist pastor pakhat chuan, “Kan kohhranah chuan chi inthliarnate hi
a awm ve ngai lo va. Hnam dang pastor-te nena kan han inhmukhawmte hi ‘Unaupa’
tia inkovin kan inngaina nghal mai \hin,” tiin a sawi.
Chi
inthliarna hi Babel insang sak hnu lawk a\anga lo awm kha a nih a rinawm. Hnam
a lo hran a, vun rawng leh \awng mai bakah hnam dan leh nunphung a lo danglam
chuan awm ho hleih theih loh a nihna chen a awm lo thei lo va. Chu chuan hnam
dang ngaih theih lohna leh huatna a hring chhuak a. Chu vêk chuan buaina tê
tham deuh a\angin buaina lian zawk leh indona hial pawh a thlen thei.
Chi leh
chi inthliarna hi tun hmâ chuan dodal ahnêkin an vulh lian a, mahni hnampui lo
hnam dang reng reng huatna a nasa hle. Inthah mang deuh \hak \hakte pawh a
thleng fo a ni. Kohhranah meuh pawh hian chi inthliarna a lo nasa khawp mai.
Protestan chhuah hlima hruaitu \henkhat, ruat lawk theology ringtute chuan
Europe mingo-ho chauh khu Pathianin vanram kai ve tura a dah niin an ngai a.
Hnam dangte chu vanram kai ve theiah pawh an dah meuh lo. Chuvangin protestant
kohhran ding tir kha chuan khawvel hmun danga chanchin \ha hrilh kha an buaipui
lutuk lo niin an sawi.
Seventh-day
Adventisy kohhran din tirh pawh khan mihang leh mingo inkarah inthliarna a nasa
hle a. A tir lam phei kha chuan mihang zingah kan tuitla lutuk lo nite pawhin a
lang. He kohhrana chi leh chi inthliarna lo nasat tawh dan tlêma zawng han sawi
ila. America ram a\angin \an ila a \ha awm e. Chutah pawh chuan mihang leh
mingo inkâra thil thleng kan sawi deuh ber ang.
Ram Bial Khata Mihang leh Mingo Conference A Ding Hrang
Kan
hriat \heuh angin America ramah khuan state khatah rau rau pawh mihang conference leh mingo conference a ding hrang nual a nih khu.
Mingo tam tak chuan hetia kum 1944 a\anga state khata mihang conference leh
mingo conference ding \hiang ta mai hi mihanghoten an ngen vang niin an sawi a.
Thiam loh an chantir lek lek nite pawhin a lang. Mahse conference hran neih dil
lo thei lova mihangho siamtu chi inthliarna kha sawi lan a ni ngai ta meuh lo a
ni.
William E.Foy-a lehkhabu ziah
A inlarna hmuhte hi khatih hun laia mingohovin mihang an
hnuaichhhiahzia a ngaihtuahin ani thusawi ve mai mai chu tumahin awih duh dawn
chuangin a hre lo va, a puang chhuak ngam lo nia sawi awm bawk. Mahse a
chanchin han chhiar zau deuh chuan chu chu a awihawm chiah lo.
A
tir lamah chuan mihangho hian kohhran chhungah harsatna an nei lem lo va. Mahse
kum 1915 hnu lama mihang tam zawkin adventist kohhran an rawn zawm ve takah
khan mingo hlang an nih laia harsatna awm lo chi leh chi inthliarna chuan
buaina a rawn thlen ve ta. Mihangho chuan kohhranah endawng leh thinhrik an
hlawh nasat em avangin mihang zinga Adventist lar tak tak leh mimir tam takin
kohhran an chhuahsan phah a ni. Biak in \henkhatah chuan mihangho chu a hnung
lamah chauh \hut phalsak an ni a. Kohhran thiltihna-ah chhawr \angkai tumna leh
hman tum vena pawh a awm lo. Hetiang thil neuh neuh avang hian mihangho chu an
vui ve reng a. General Conference pawhin mihangho chungchang ngaihtuah tur hian
kum 1930 bawr vel khan sub-committee a din a. Mahse a member-te chu mingo deuh
vek tho an nih avang leh a mihang awmchhunte pawhin ngaih pawimawh an hlawh loh
em avangin he sub-committee hi a hlawhtling lo a ni.
Heng thil neuh neuh avang hian mihang zinga hruaitu lar tak
takin an rinna zawm chhunzawm zel turin kohhran an chhuahsan a. Chung zinga lar
deuh deuhte chu Washington DC-a First Seventh-day Adventist Church, People”s
SDA Church an tiha pastor \ang l^i Elder Louise C. Sheaf-a te an ni. Anni hian
kohhran chhuahsanin Free Seventh-day Adventist Church pastor a ni zui a. New
York khawpuia pastor thawk l^i Elder James K. Humphrey-a pawhin kohhran
chhuahsanin United Sabbath Day Adventist a din bawk a. Elder John M.Mann-a
pawhin kohhran chhuhsanin General Assembly of Free Seventh-day Adventist a din
bawk. A hnu-ah hengho hian Free Seventh-day Adventist Church hi an lo din ta a
ni.
Hman deuh, kum sawmhnih
chuang kal ta khan kohhran dang mithiam pahnihin adventist kohhran chhunga chi
inthliarna la nasatzia chu tihian an sawi: “Kohhrana (Adventist) mingo leh
mihang inlaichinna chu chhiahhlawh leh a pû ang em chu ni lo mah se zirtirtu
leh zirlai naupang inlaichinna ang chauh hi a la ni. Mihangho chuan an rinpui
mingote chuan hmangaih ve tawh hlein inhre mah se an bula \hu tur chuan an la
duh tak tak lo niin an la inhre tlat tho,” tiin. Heng mi thiamte ngaihdan chuan
kum 1944-a mihang leh mingoin conference hran an din kha kohhrana thil thleng
pawimawh ber a ni. An sawi uar lutuk deuh a nih pawhin dâwt hlang chu a ni bik
lo tawp tih erawh chu hriat tur a ni.
Miller-a lar vanglai
a\ang reng khan mihangte hian Adventist zingah enhran an hlawh nasa tawh.
Mihang zinga Seventh-day Adventist pastor hmasa ber Charles Kinney-a kha John
Loughborough-a thusawi a\anga Adventist lo ni ta a ni a. Kum 1889 khan pastor
atan nemngheh a ni a. Pastor atana nemngheh a nih \um pawh hian mihang inkhawm
ve turte chu mingoho luhna kawngka-ah luhtir phal lovin kawngka hranah an
luhtir; \hut ho dial dial te phei chu hnai lo tak a ni. Adventist mingo zinga
mihang chêpzia a hmuhin Kinney-a rilru kha a na em em \hin a. A hrana awm law
lawm a duhzia pawh a zep hni hnê peih lo. Kha’ng hun lai a\ang daih tawh khan
an lo tuar tawh a ni.
Kum 1915 leh 1950 inkâra
mihanghoten Adventist kohhran chhunga enhran an hlawh nasatzia chu awih harsa
tak a ni zâwk. Kum 1940 hma lam kha chuan mihang tan mingo zingah hruaitu a nih
theih loh tluk a ni. Mihang zinga General Conference director ni hmasa ber chu
Negro department director a ni a. Ani director meuh pawh hi chutih laia General
Conference office canteen awm chhun, Review and Herald cafeteria-ah chuan
chawlh an phalsak ngai lo va. Amah mai ni lo, mihangdang reng reng, General
Conference office tlawhtute pawh chu thingpui dawrah chuan chawlhtir an ni ngai
lo.
Heng hunlaia kohhran mite
(mingoho) chuan vantlang mi nawlpuiin mihang an en dan chu kohhran sikulah te,
damdawi inah te leh biak inah te pawh an kalpui ve mai a ni. Mihangho chuan
heng kohhran sikul leh damdawi in tân hian thawhlawm leh sawma-pakhat te chu an
pe ve ngei a’ mahse an luh ve chu phalsak an ni lo. Kohhran hruaitute chuan
mihanghote chu engti kawngmaha kohhran hruai ve tlâkah an ngai lo tawp mai a
ni. (See
J. Messar T. Dybdahl, “The Utopia Park Affair and the Rise of Northern Black
Adventists,” Adventist Heritage (January 1974), 36-41). Lake Union president Robert
H.Carter-a pawhin kum 1941-a Southern Publishing Association-a Literature
Evangelism Institute an neih \uma thil thleng tihian a sawi chhuak: “Mihang
lehkhabu zuartute chu kawngkapuia luh ve pawh an phal lo va. Hnung lam kawngka
a\ang chauhin luh an phalsak a ni. Chawlhlawk lai pawhin a hrana chawlhtir an
ni a. Tui pawh a hran chhawpsak an nih bâkah chaw pawh a hranga eitir an ni.”
Heng hun laia mihang pastor-te chu mingo pastor hlawh hmun thuma \hena hmun
khat chauh pêk an ni bawk. Mihang pastor-te chuan kohhran pathum pali pawh
enkawl se motor neih an remti mang lo lehzel niin an sawi.
Kum zabi sawmhnihna
chanve hnu lam deuh thleng khan America rama Adventist zirna in leh damdawi in tam
takin mihang an la lût \ha duh ngai lo bawk.
A dik tak chuan kum 1889
a\ang tawh khan mihangho hi a hrangin inrelbawl mai se tiin an sawi fo tawh awm
e. Mahse a tak taka a lo puitlinna chhan chu kum 1943-a Washington Adventist
damdawi in hotuten mihang hmeichhe inentir tur an lo admit duh loh kha a ni ber
mai.
Kum 1943 October thla
khan adventist mihang ringtu nupa Byard-a leh a nupui Lucy chu Takoma Park, Maryland-ah
inentir turin an kal a. Anni pahnih hi mihang zingah rau rau pawh a ngo pawl
tak niin an sawi. Brooklyn, New York-a awm, rei tak Adventist lo ni tawh an ni.
Lucy chu a na ang reng viau mai a. Inentir tumin damdawi in bathlarah chuan an
nghâk ve ran mai a ni.
Damdawi in hotuten an
lehkha pawimawh an han en a, mihang an ni tih an hriat hnu chuan damdawi in
danga insawn turin an ti ta a. Damdawi in hnathawktute chu an inko khawm a,
Freeman Hospital lamah an insawntir ta daih mai a ni. An kal vel nan hian
damdawi in ambulance hman takngial pawh an phalsak lo niin an sawi lehzel a nih
chu. Lucy chu a damdawi in va pân takah chuan pneumonia-in a thi ta nghe nghe a
ni. An sawi lehzel danin Lucy-in pneumonia a kaina chu damdawi in kawrfual hâa
rei tak an nghahtir vang kha a ni bawk. He thil thleng hian sawisel a hlawhin
mihangho rilru a nat pah lehzual a. Conference hran neih duhna pawh a ri ring
tel lo thei ta lo a ni.
Mihangho lungawi lo chuan General Conference
chu chutiang lutuka nunrawnga inthliarna a awm tawh loh nan engemaw tal tivat
turin an phût a. Damdawi ina in admit duh leh duh loh thu chauh ni lovin an tan
kohhran sikula admission hmuh a harsatzia te, kohhrana hna hmuh a harsat dan
te, an thlavang hauhtu an awm loh \hinzia te chu an sawi chhuak nghe nghe a ni.
Pulpit tlang leh press lam pawh an duhzawng sawi chhuah nan an hmang thiam hle.
Mihangho
rilru thawi dam nan chutih laia North American Division president Australian
pachal Elder W.G.Turner chu Washington, DC-a Ephesus biak inah (tunah chuan
DuPont Park biak in an ti) a chawlhkar lo awm hmasa ber Sabbath, October 16,
1943 chuan mihang zingah a va inkhawm a. I Petera 4:12 thu, “Duh takte u, in zinga fiahna nasa tak lo awm, nangmahni fiahna
tura in chunga lo thleng hi, thilmak in chunga lo thleng angin mak ti suh u,”
tih kher hi a va chhiar a. A thu sawi zo chu a \hut pawh a \hu fel hman mang lo
tihah James O. Montgomery-a (Oak Wood College zaipawl director ni reng \hin
kha) insum zo lo chu a rawn ding chhuak nghal a. Tihian a rawn sawi ve ta ngat
mai a ni. “Mak tih suh u maw ni a? Ni e, helai lawkah hian Adventist College
(Columbia Union ni ta hi) ni ve ngat si, ka fate ka kaltir theih miah lohna a
awm hi a mak asin. Kei chuan mak ka ti khawp mai. Kohhran café teria ni ve ngat
(Review and Herald ta) si, ka chawlh ve thian lohna leh tun thil thleng hi a
mak ngawtin ka hria a ni,” a rawn ti a. A sawi zawm leh a, “Nangni chhiahhlawhte
u, in pu General Conference te thu hi zawm rawh u, in rawn tih em chu ka beisei
lo ve,” tiin.
Inkhawm ban velah mihangho chu an
inhmu khawm nghal a. An kal zel dan tur ngaihtuah turin committee an din ta rup
mai a ni. Chumi zan la la chuan Joseph Dodson-a lehkhabu dawr hnung lam
pindanah kalkhawm lehin National Association for the Advancement of Worldwide
Work Among Colored Seventh-day Adventist tih chu an din ta rup mai a ni. An
chairman atan Joseph Dodson-a an thlang a. Vice Chairman-ah Alma J. Scott-a an
thlang bawk. Ram pum puia mihang rilru chawh thawh nan telephone-in mihang
zinga thil ti thei deuh deuh tur an be nghal chur chur a. Columbia Union-a
Colored Department Secretary John H.Wagner-a chu adviser-ah a \ang nghal a. An
lehkha chhuah tur ziakin chumi zan la la chuan an chhu ta nghal chur chur mai a
ni.
General Conference president Elder
J.Lamar McElhany-an chung mite chu a tûkah General Conference office-a kawm a
duh thu a sawi hnu-ah chumi zana an meeting chu an \in thei chauh a ni. Elder
McElhany-an thil awmdan chu committee lian zawka lo thlen a tiam avang leh an
ngen ngawl em avangin October 30 (Sunday), 1943 –ah uluk zawkin an ngaihtuah
nawn leh thei ta a ni.
General
Conference Spring Council, April 8-19, 1944-ah mihangho thil phût leh
ngaihdante chu ngun taka ngaihtuah nawn leh a ni a. A dik tak chuan heta an
agenda-in a tum tak chu mingo zinga la telho zel a ni a. Mahse thil chu a kal a
kal kual a, mihangho din hranna lam chu a kaw ta ruak zawk a ni. Hemi kum April
thla tho hian he pawl hian lehkhabu thehlêp,
phêk riata “Shall the Four Freedoms Function Among Seventh-day Adventists”? tih
bu chhuahin an lungawi lohna chi hrang hrang an au chhuahpui nasa hle. Kan sawi
seng lo.
Mihang conference hran ding tura nawrna lo nasa zel chu mingo
tak pawh chuan an phurpui a. Hruaitute zingah mihang lam duhsak ni awm taka
chutianga an din hran chuan hotu nihna te lo chang ve a, phur lehzuala kohhrana
an awm zel theihna ni dawna lo nawr an awm bawk a. Hei hi keima thlir dan mai
mai chuan mihang an duhsak vang lam ni lovin mawi taka an inchim buai lohna
kawng ni zawka a lan vang mai a ni.
A chunga mi hi
America rama mihang conference lo din chhoh \anna chhan tlangpui chu a ni a. A
bâk ding tak tak tura an vote lâk dan leh an debate dan vel chu a ngaihnawm viau naa sawi tawh lo mai ila a \ha
awm e.
South
Africa Lam Chanchin
South
Africa rama Seventh-day Adventist member hmasa Philip Wessels-a kha pa thil
phal tak mai a ni a. South Africa chu sawi loh, America leh Australia ram thlenga
rawngbawlna atana a inpek nasatzia kha theihnghilh mai mai chi a ni lo.
Amaherawh chu Wessels-a khan mihangho hi a tei thei bau lo mai a. Kum 1893
January 14 pawh khan Elleh White- hnenah mihangho bula a fate sikul kaltir a
duh loh thu te, anmahni chu mimal takin haw lo mah se inchimtir luih luih leh
an bula awm a duh loh thu te sawiin lehkha a thawn hial a. Khati tak maia
mihang ngai thei lo a nihna khan a hnu zela kohhran kal dan pawh a nghawng thui
hle nghe nghe a ni. I lo thlir zel teh ang.
Damdawi Ina Chi Inthliarna
Kum 1919 khan Adventist kohhran
damdawi in pakhat, kum 1903-a din tawh, Plumstead Sanitarium chuan mihang damlo
dahna tur bik ward hran an siam a. A hma zawng kha chuan mihang dam lo an lo
enkawl \ha duh vak lo nia hriat a ni. Hei pawh hi tunah chuan an sawi \ha duh
tawh vak lo. Mihang damlo an enkawl duh lo tak tak em tih pawh hi zawhna chhan
harsa takah a chang tawh a ni.
Working
Policy Mak
Kum 1931-a South Africa rama
Adventist kohhran working policy-ah chuan missionary-te awm dan
tur heti hian a inziak:
“Eoropean-ho tan tualchhung mi (African) chaw eipui ngai a ni
lo va, anni pawhin an beisei hek lo. Mi chu chaw i pe duh a nih pawhin
tualchhung mite t^n bika siam thlêngah i pe ang a, pawn lamah i eitir tur a ni.
“I zirlaite chu mingovin chibai bûk
tuma a kut a phar chhuak hmasa a nih loh chuan chibai bûk tum lo turin zirtir
rawh. Khawpui kawtthlerah tualchhung miin chibai rawn bûk che a tum a nih chuan
thil r^pthl^k tak a ni. Nang chuan pawisa lo mah la, mi dangin mak an ti ang
che a, i hna pawhin a tuar hial ang.” (see,
Constitution, By-laws, Working Policy of the General Conference of Seventh-day
Adventists [Southern African Division, 1931], 139).
Zirna Lamah
Kum
1893-a din tawh, Claremont Union College tih \hin, Helderberg College an tih
takah chuan a vawikhat nan kum 1974 khan mihang naupang engemaw zat an admit ve
a. Tun hma zawng kha chuan mingo hlir an admit a ni. Mihangho chu kum 1930-a
din Good Hope college-ah an kal vek \hin a. Chu college chu mingo kalna
Heldenberg College nen chuan sum leh pai bâkah a building leh hmanraw dang hrim
hrim pawh inthlau tak a ni. He college hming hi an thlâk fo va. Tunah hian
Bethel College an ti leh tawh a ni. Kum 1968 khan a vawikhat nan mingo ni lo
Alwyn du Preez-a chu Heldenberg College a\ang hian a graduat ve hlauh mai.
South Africa ram chuan tun hma khan Apartheid
policy kalpuiin mihang an rapbet hle \hin a nih kha. Kha policy \ha lo tak mai,
khawvelin an dem rawn luai luai kha kan kohhran chhûngah pawh a lo kal reng mai
a. Sawrkarin policy-a a neih hma daih khan kohhranah chuan nasa takin mingo leh
mihangho chu an lo inthliar tawh zawk a lo ni.
Administrative
Structures:
Pre-apartheid:
Kum 1890 tir lam a\angin South
Africa-ah khuan chi inthliarna a nasa hle chungin Adventist an \hang chak viau
mai. Kum 1920-a church policy chuan mihang pastor-e chuan Mission Field
Executive remtihna chauhin baptisma an chantir thei ang an ti deuh kher a. Chu
b^kah Lalpa
Zanriah pawh mingo elder an awm loh chauhin an ti thei ang tiin an ziak a ni.
Mingo elder chu ordain loh pawh ni se mihang chuan eng ti kawng mahin a ai a
awh thei chuang lo.
Tin, kum 1920 khan union
conference chu chi leh chi thliar ranin \hen hran a ni bawk. A tira mi South
Africa Union Conference chu mingoho enkawl tur bika dah a ni a; union din thar
Southern Union Mission Conference chu mingo loho zawng enkawl tura din a ni.
Hei hi kum 1922 khan \hiah a ni a; mahse kum 1927-ah thar thawh leh a ni bawk.
Kohhranah mihang an lo pun zel takah khan rorelna-ah pawh tel tam lehzual tura
rawtna a awm a. Mahse mingoho chuan an duh tlat lo. Chuti chung chuan mihang lo
pung zel avang chuan lo theih lohin rorelna-ah an lo pung ve a. Kum 1953 khan
SAUC chu Group I leh Group II, mingo leh mihang anga in\henin ro an rel ta a.
Engemaw bik thilah chuan an \hu ho \hin. Hemi kal zela representative thlang
thei tur member ng^i zat an intuk
pawh mingo leh mihang chu an inthlau deuh zar zar zel a ni.
United
Nations War Tribunal-in tualthah thubuaia pastor thiam loh a chantir hmasak ber
(an pafaa thiam loh chantir an ni nghe nghe) pawh kha Seventh-day Adventist
pastor a ni tlat bawk. Thiam loh an inchantirna hi tualthahna satliah ni lovin
mihring insam buaih buaihna thil a nih avangin a ril khawp mai. Hetiang hi thil
awmdan chu a ni.
Kum
1994 Hutu mipui thinur chuan hnam tlêm zawk Tutsi-ho chu thla thum lek chhungin
800,000 zet an tihlum a. Kha insamna râpthlâk tak maia inhnamhnawih Adventist
pastor Elizaphan Ntakirutimana, kum 78, chu tualthat tura midang \anpuiah puhin kum
sawm lung in tâng tura relsak a ni a. A fapa Dr.
Gérard Ntakirutimana, kum 45, pawh mi pahnih kâphlumah leh a pa ang bawka
mihring suat tura midang \anpuiah puhin chu thiam loh chantir an ni a,
kum 25 lung tâng turin an relsak bawk. He buaina-ah hian Adventist pawh 15,000
lai an thi ve a ni.
Norway
lam mi Eric Mose-a kaihhruai roreltu pathumte hmuh dan chuan he adventist
pastor leh a fapa hian Hutu mi, Tutsi thah tuma lo kalte chu Kibuye-a awm
Mugonero Adventist biak in leh hospital-ah an hruai a. Chu biak in leh
hospital-a awm Tutsi chhungkaw za zet leh adventist pastor chhungkuate chu an
thahtir vek a. Chu mai ni lovin he mite pafa bawk hian an chhehvel khuaa kal
tum chung Hutu misual rual vâk vel phurtu motor convoy chu zawmin an hruai kual
a ni. Roreltute sawi zel danin doctor zâwk phei hi chuan damdawi in kawtah
Tutsi mi pakhat chu hmun leh hmunah a kâphlum a, a hnu lawkah sikula tlanchhia
Tutsi mi pakhat a kâphlum leh bawk.
Hemi
\uma pastor pafa avanga thite hi adventist mite deuh vek an ni awm nghe nghe e.
Kibuye a\anga mêl 35 velah chuan tlâng pakhat, Hill of Resistance an tih chu a
awm a. He tlângah hian Tutsi mi 50,000 zet an phûm a. Chu’ng mitthite hriat
rengna chu an siam nghe nghe a ni.
[chhunzawm tur]
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